Achilles & Hector Essay

The art in the vase painting in Harvard’s collection depicts an anguish-stricken King Priam pleading to a triumphant and irreverent Achilles for the return of the already desecrated body of his son, the Crown Prince of Troy, Hector. The artist of the vase painting wants to illustrate an image of nullifying status, even more so, it characterized a reversal of stature — a King kneeling and pleading to a common warrior and the body of a prince dishonored. In Book 24 of Homer’s Iliad, it narrated the weeping King Priam virtually throwing himself at Achilles’ feet beseeching the latter to release the body of his dead son. In the text, it did not state however, that the body of Hector was in the same room as King Priam and Achilles. It is noteworthy to mention at this point however that the primary reason that Hector is dead is because Achilles avenged the death of Patroclus whom Hector killed mistaking him for Achilles. Moreover, in Book 22 of the narrative, Achilles threatened Hector of the situation he will be in if he suffered death in Achilles’ hands, to wit, â€Å"dogs and vultures shall work their will upon yourself†. Achilles’ grief for the death of Patroclus has fueled his wrath towards Hector and that as an ultimate insult to Hector’s person, Achilles have left the body untended outside his tent to make good on his word of â€Å"dogs and vultures shall eat you utterly up†. Furthermore, the text speaks of Achilles â€Å"taking it [Hector’s body] to a place where Priam should not see it†. In the vase painting, we see Hector’s body below Achilles, who is holding a knife and apparently eating raw meat with blood dripping from the knife’s blade unto the dead body below. This scene can be gleaned from a prior heated exchange of words between Achilles and Hector. In Book 22 of the Iliad, Hector in his last breath spoke: â€Å"I beg you, Achilles, by your own soul and by your parents, do not allow the dogs to mutilate my body. By the Greek ships, accept the gold and bronze ransom my father and mother will give you and send my body back home to be burned in honor by the Trojans and their wives†. To which Achilles angrily uttered: â€Å"Don’t whine to me about my parents, You dog! I wish my stomach would let me cut off your flesh in strips and eat it raw for what you’ve done to me. There is no one and no way to keep the dogs off your head, not even if they bring ten or twenty ransoms, pile them up here and promise more not even if Dardanian Priam weighs your body out in gold, not even then will your mother ever get to mourn you laid out on a bier. † The vase painting seems to draw out from this war of words between Achilles and Hector and displays the aftermath and the realization of Achilles’ enraged threats. It depicted also an arrogant Achilles eating meat over a dead body — an act way beyond being rational. Whereas in the text, upon hearing Priam’s heart-wrenching plea, Achilles displayed empathy and even went as far as telling Priam that he, Achilles himself, is also in sorrow for the death of Patroclus and showed endearing sentiment when he mentioned that Priam reminded him of his own father. Moreover, in the text, Achilles even admired Priam for his candor in going defenseless and alone amidst the enemy’s lair. One of the major themes of Homer’s Iliad deals with revenge, reparation, and compensation. In portraying Priam’s plea to Achilles, the vase painting essentially captured these three themes. Achilles’ disrespect for Hector’s body speaks of revenge. Achilles, blinded by deep sorrow, did what he thought would best vindicate Patroclus. Hector’s legs were bound at the ankles as in the ultimate act of deliverance, Achilles dragged Hector’s lifeless body around the tomb of Patroclus. Hector’s death itself is the reparation for the death of Patroclus — the proverbial â€Å"an eye for an eye†. Whereas, Priam’s ransom is the compensation for and in exchange for the possession of Hector’s body. Works Cited Homer, and Stanley Lombardo. Iliad. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, 1997. Wilson, D. F. Ransom, Revenge and Heroic Identity in the Iliad. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

the increase in electoral support for the Nazi Party

To what extent was the increase in electoral support for the Nazi Party in the years 1928-33 the result of effective propaganda and electioneering? The years 1928 to 1933 were very significant for the Nazi Party and their leader, Adolf Hitler. After the attempted Munich Putsch, the Nazi Party had well and truly entered the political spotlight of German politics and had successfully re-established itself after Hitler was released from prison in 1924. Following on from being so heavily in the public eye, the Nazi Party had a rise in support due to increased awareness of the party, but 1928 marked a steep increase in this.There are many factors that contributed to this increase in electoral support for the Nazi Party from 1928-1933, but it was largely due to effective propaganda and electioneering. Nazi propaganda was under leadership of Joseph Goebbels, who was able to identify the concerns of all sectors within the German population and use this to create a remarkable propaganda schem e. An example of this is where workers were addressed with posters depicting endless queues of unemployed people, suggesting that Hitler would be able to abolish unemployment – a miracle that was readily accepted by this group.As well as targeting specific groups, Goebbels was able to manipulate a variety of propaganda techniques, from using posters to nursery rhymes to the radio. The Nazi Party presented an image that appealed to everyone through their use of propaganda. It is because of propaganda that they were able to convince the public of their ability to transform the country to one ridden with debts, political instability and embarrassment to a global superpower that was successful in every aspect. Even now, Nazi propaganda is still viewed as a remarkable achievement for the Nazi Party and is undoubtedly one of the main reasons why Nazi support increased from 1928-1933.Electioneering is the other main reason for the increase in electoral support. In terms of Nazi poli cy itself, although it was controversial, Hitler was careful to be very careful about certain points – especially regarding religion. The 25 Point Programme of the Party depicted that it â€Å"represents the point of view of positive Christianity†, whereas in reality the Nazi Party stood for the complete opposite. With the majority of Germans being Christian (2/3 of these were Catholic and 1/3 Protestant), the Nazi’s could not afford to alienate the Church and risk repelling the majority of the electorate. Throughout their electioneering, the Nazi’s used the SA to intimidate the opposition and  sometimes even carry out such violent attacks that political figures, especially Communist politicians, were unable to continue their own electioneering. This allowed the Nazi party to reduce their opposition and allowed them to manipulate the public further using their effective propaganda. As the Nazi Party organised propaganda rallies to build up electoral sup port, they also organised members to attend the rallies disguised as potential voters. This gave the impression that the party was extremely popular and therefore encouraged voters that might otherwise vote for another larger party to support the Nazi’s instead. These propaganda rallies were used to persuaded all of Germany to vote for Hitler and his party because Hitler was able to constantly travel around the country using an airplane. This electioneering meant that he was able to directly address potential supports and use propaganda to convince them to vote Nazi. It could be claimed that Hitler himself contributed largely to the electoral success of the Nazi Party. Many women found Hitler aesthetically attractive and emphasis was placed on his bright blue eyes and his friendly nature towards children. Men found Hitler as a man to admire – he was charismatic and some newspapers even labelled him ‘Hitler the Superman’. Above all, Hitler was a brilliant a uditor and had the ability to captivate audiences that was unmatched by no other politician and delivered speeches with such power that it was hard not to be swept in by his manipulative and misleading words. However, it could not be said that Hitler himself contributed to the increase in electoral support to a larger extent than propaganda and electioneering. Another factor that could be argued to have resulted in the increase in electoral support is the very climate of Germany during that time. Following on from the failure of war in 1918, Germany was stampeded with crises after crises. In economic terms, the funding of the war had resulted in inflation and forced Germany to borrow loans from the USA in order to pay the  £6600 million in reparations. This meant that when America suffered from the Wall Street Crash, Germany was hit by Depression in 1926. Living standards plummeted and Germany was on the verge of a civil war. Consequently, the German people looked towards extremis t parties to provide them with the revolutionary change needed to return Germany to a least a partial stability. Again, whilst this was a big factor in increase of Nazi support, the situation in Germany was balancing out, especially as the effects of hyperinflation were weakening by 1925. Therefore, the hardships that Germany faced during this period cannot be accountable for the increase in the Nazi Party’s electoral success compared to the propaganda and electoral success that was constant throughout 1928-1933. In conclusion, the increase in electoral support for the Nazi Party in the years 1928-33 was the result of effective propaganda and electioneering to a far extent. A variety of factors contributed to this increase, including Hitler’s personality and the downfall of Germany during the post-war years. However, the strongest factors were persistently the Nazi’s propaganda campaign that was led by Goebbels and their electioneering methods. Through this, the y were able to specifically target groups within the electorate and develop the Nazi image itself which drew support from voters and caused the German people to trust them to restore Germany’s former status.

Challenges in Cyber Security for Business in Australian IT Companies

Discuss About the Cyber Security for Business in Australian IT? With the increasing use of technologies like Internet of Things, Cloud, and Big Data, even the critical infrastructure of companies is exposed to risks. The global internet penetration today is estimated to be 3.4 billion. The dependence on technology is increasing in Australian IT companies and so is increasing the risk of security threats that the systems of these companies face. These threats include identify theft, Botnet attacks, ransom ware attacks, data manipulation, cyber warfare, and more  ( Commonwealth of Australia, 2015). In this research, the security challenges that are faced by the Australian IT companies would be studied in order to understand their impacts on companies as well as to identify security solutions or mitigation strategies that can help overcome these challenges in IT companies. The research makes use of both secondary and primary investigation on the security threats and solutions. Cyber security incidences in Australian organizations including identity theft, data theft, and frauds have increased in past few years which have affected the image of the brands in the country. Thus, cyber security has become a national priority of Australian government. The national losses in Australia that have occurred due to cyber security threats make up 1% of its GDP which is over $17 billion dollars per year. The government has formulated a cyber security strategy to make Australia a safe place for business. The security strategy targets cleaning of cyber infrastructure, strong penalties for cyber criminals, and accountability of CEOs to security, reduced disruption it services due to cyber threats, and increased confidence of consumers in cyber space  (Cisco, 2013). In the Australian IT organizations, maintaining security is the cyber space is a big area of concern. 6.2% of the data Espionage which is a targeted attack popular with cyber criminals have affected IT companies in 2015  (Bakhtiari, et al., 2015). Social Engineering which is an attack launched on people are so sophisticated that they can penetrate been the most hardened system such that any level of network security cannot prevent the attack. As per the internet report of Akamai State, 4.18% of the DDoS attacks had originated from Australia in 2015  (James, 2016). The aim of this research is to explore the challenges in cyber security in Australian IT companies and identify solutions to overcome these challenges such that security can be enhanced. To achieve the aim of this research, certain research questions are required to be answered including: Based on these research questions, certain objectives of the research can be formulated as follows: In this research, the security challenges faced by IT companies in Australia would be explored using a mixed research methodology involving a Literature Review data analysis and snowball sampling, and a needs assessment survey method in which IT managers would be involved as respondents who would be answering a research questionnaire. The data analysis of the secondary data obtained from the literature study would be used for creating the questionnaire for the primary survey which would thus, help in testing the effectiveness of each solution identified in the snowball sampling of the past researches  (Bendassolli, 2013). This section explores the process of sampling, data collection methods, variables to be used in primary survey, research model, and data analysis methods that would be used in this research. Researcher would take 30 respondents for the survey based on convenience and purposive quota sampling techniques. The sample would include IT Managers and Security professionals from Australian IT organizations. For identifying the challenges that would be explored in this research, a snowball sampling method is used in which past literature and research studies are explored to identify security challenges and their mitigation strategies. There would be seven types of security attacks that would be explored including Denial of Service, Insider Attacks, Phishing attacks, Web Application attacks, brute force attacks, social engineering, and malware attacks. For each of these attacks, the solutions would also be identified in the literature review and would be included in the survey questionnaire for testing their effectiveness in enhancing security of an organization  (Bhattacherjee, 2012). Some of the issues are already identified in previous researches and their mitigation strategies are also identified and thus, literature review would first form the basis for data collection on the security issues and solutions. Based on this literature review, a snow ball sampling would be used to collect data on security concerns and solution methods  (Bickmore, 2012). The papers that would be used for snowball sampling would be published between 2006 and 2016. This would be done to primarily identify security issues faced by organizations as well as solutions that have been tried by various companies across the world  (Wisdom & Creswell, 2013). On the basis of this data, the questions for the survey would be presented to test if the same problems and solutions can be applied to the case of IT companies in Australia. A primary data would be collected for further exploration of the challenges and mitigation strategies used in IT companies. This data would be collected from respondents through an online survey that would be posted on Survey Monkey website. In case respondents do not reply, the researcher would make calls to them to ask them to fill the questionnaire or would take the responses and fill the questionnaire himself  (HP Enterprise, 2015). The research involves a primary data collection and analysis for which certain variables would be created based on the data collected and the questions asked in the survey  (Bryman & Bell, 2011). These variables would store data on security challenges, their impacts on business, and mitigation strategies. These three variables would be independent while there would also be dependent variables that would include security enhancements and security levels that would be studied and measured along the independent variables to understand if specific security mitigation or threat prevention methods were successful in enhancing security in respective organizations  (Kumar & Ahuja, 2014). This research uses a mixed research methodology that involves collection of secondary qualitative data that would be analysed using thematic analysis and the primary survey data that would be analyzed using statistical analysis methods. The choice of mixed methods is made as this research needs to explore the concept of security in IT companies to explain and make interpretations. As mixed research allows exploration of the idea from different perspectives and at different levels, a deeper understanding of phenomenon can be obtained  (Cameron, 2009). A mixed research method can use any of the research design strategies from the following designs: Sequential explanatory: In the sequential explanatory research design, first the primary data is collected and analysed and then secondary data is collected and analysed in support. Sequential Exploratory: In the sequential exploratory research design, first the secondary data is collected and analysed and then primary data is collected and analysed in support. Sequential Transformative: In this method, primary and secondary data are collected and analysed separately but the collective results are then interpreted  (Wisdom & Creswell, 2013). Concurrent Triangulation: In this method, two methods are used for cross-validation of findings from each other. Concurrent Nested: In this method, one method may be nested inside the other method of investigation Concurrent Transformative: In this type of analyses both method are used for evaluation of a theoretical perspective. In this research, a sequential approach to mixed research would be used such that the secondary data on security threats and mitigation strategies would first be collected and analysed to identify themes of security concerns and solutions. These themes would then be used for developing a questionnaire for the primary data collection and analysis. This analysis would test the methods identified as solutions for security in the secondary research  (DHS, 2009). Data analysis would be conducted in two parts. In the first part, the literature data would be analyzed using snowball sampling to identify security threats and mitigation strategies from secondary research papers. One the basis of the results obtained in this investigation, a questionnaire would be prepared for the primary research and the data obtained from the survey would then be analyzed using statistical analysis on SPSS. Different variables would be explored and studied for correlation to understand if they have an impact on other variables. Correlation would be tested for understanding relationship between threats faced and security measures taken, security levels and security measures, and security measures and threat impacts. Upon finding the correlation between specific variables, a regression would be used to identify if they have a causal relationship between them. The research would involve a hypothesis testing where very mitigation strategy would be tested as causing s ecurity enhancements or preventing impacts of security threats on an organization  (DHS, 2009). The results from the analysis of the literature review including previous research reports would be a set of security concerns and mitigation strategies that are identified by previous researchers or their respondents in their researchers. The data would result into emergence of certain themes that would be used for developing primary research questionnaire  (Cameron, 2009). The result of the primary survey would be a statistical testing through which the identified mitigation strategies would be tested on specific security threats to understand if the strategies worked. The outcome would reveal the impacts of each type of threat on an organization as well as assess the effectiveness of the mitigation strategies behaving security in an IT company  (Bulusu & Sudia, 2011). The result of the primary analysis would reveal the security enhancement methods that have been effective in protecting systems of IT organization or help in mitigating impacts of security problem. The research would have limited sample size and thus, the results cannot be generalized for a wider audience. Another limitation is that the survey is conducted online which can make it difficult for the respondents to understand the purpose of the research and thus, in some cases, respondents may not choose to respond to the questionnaire. Since the survey is conducted online without intervention from the researcher, the respondent would respond to questions as per their own understanding which may differed from the objectives of the researcher. Another limitation of this research is that it tests only 7 security threats for IT companies and thus, it does not present solution for all kinds of security threats that can be faced by an IT organization. The aim of this study is to explore the security challenges faced by IT companies in Australia and identify methods that can help overcome these challenges by these organizations for which the research would make use of a mixed methodology. It involves study of past literature on security threats and solutions which are used to identify threats and solutions that can be tested for the Australian IT companies through the primary survey to understand which methods have been effective for protecting IT systems of companies and overcoming specific security threats. This research can be useful for organizations that are operating in the Australian market and are into IT space to understand what could be the potential security challenges that they would face while operating in the country and how they can use specific protection or motivation methods to enhance their security systems. This would also contribute to the body of knowledge on the security research as it not only studies the ch allenges and explore possible solutions but also tests the solutions to understand their effectiveness in ensuring security in an IT organization Commonwealth of Australia, 2015. AUSTRALIA’S CYBER  SECURITY STRATEGY: Enabling innovation, growth & prosperity, s.l.: Commonwealth of Australia. Sogeti’s, 2014. DIGITAL USER EXPERIENCE RESEARCH, s.l.: Aberdeen International Airport. Bakhtiari, S. et al., 2015. Australian Industry Report, s.l.: Australian Governmetn. Barnett-Page, E. & Thomas, J., 2009. Methods for the synthesis of qualitative research: A Critical Review, London: ESRC National Centre for Research Methods. Bendassolli, P. F., 2013. Theory Building in Qualitative Research: Reconsidering the Problem of Induction. Forum:Qualitative Social Research, 14(1), pp. 1-25. Bhattacherjee, A., 2012. Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices. Florida: Scholar Commons. Bickmore, T., 2012. Qualitative Research Methods: A Data Collector’s Field Guide, s.l.: FAMILY HEALTH INTERNATIONAL. Bryman, A. & Bell, E., 2011. International Business Management Research. 3rd ed. s.l.: Oxford UniversiReferencesData Collection Method ty Press. Bulusu, S. & Sudia, K., 2011. A Study on Cloud Computing Security Challenges, Sweden: Blekinge Institute of Technology. Cameron, R., 2009. A sequential mixed model research design: design, analytical and display issues, s.l.: Southern Cross University. Cisco, 2013. Australian Government Cyber Security Review, s.l.: Cisco. DHS, 2009. A Roadmap for Cybersecurity Research, s.l.: DHS. HP Enterprise, 2015. Cybersecurity Challenges, Risks, Trends, and Impacts: Survey Findings, s.l.: MIT. James, C., 2016. Cyber Security Threats, Challenges and Opportunities, s.l.: ACS. Kumar, A. & Ahuja, C., 2014. Cyber Security Research Developments: Global and Indian Context, s.l.: NASSCOM. Wisdom, J. & Creswell, J. W., 2013. Mixed Methods: Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis While Studying Patient-Centered Medical Home Models, s.l.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

TRAINING AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT PLANS FOR EMPLOYEES IN VIETNAM Dissertation

TRAINING AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT PLANS FOR EMPLOYEES IN VIETNAM AIRLINES - Dissertation Example When asked about the improvement areas of training in terms of training phases, training design surprisingly received the highest percentage, with training needs analysis succeeding it. Eight out of the 21 soft skills which were assessed in terms of the priority accorded to them by Vietnam Airlines were rated as high priority areas by more than 50% of the sample. These soft skills include the following: drive to achieve; dealing with others effectively; managing relationships; leadership; developing people; team empowerment; strategic thinking; and effectively adapting to change. Nearly half say that they have IDPs in place, while majority have agreed that their training policy is effective. Half of the respondents claim being involved in the assessment of their training needs and how the organisation has shown how training influences job performance. Performance evaluations, which is a support mechanism to training and development, is carried out at least once a year, according to a ll of the respondents. Attendance to both in-house and external training was experienced by at least half of the respondents at least once within the past 12 months. ... Additionally, the following obstacles to training and development must be addressed: operations being given greater priority than training and development and the unclear role of training as a promotion criterion. Significant and positive correlations were yielded for both OCB and employee engagement, underscoring the critical importance of the training and development function for Vietnam Airlines, in its bid for competitiveness within the airline industry. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 7 1.1 Introduction 7 1.2 Vietnam Airlines 8 1.3 Relationship of Training, Employee Engagement and Organisation Citizenship Behaviour 12 1.4 Research Aim 14 1.5 Research Objectives 14 1.5 Overview of the Study 14 Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature 16 2.1 Review of Related Literature 16 2.2 Importance of Training and Development in the Airline Industry 16 2.3 Phases of Training Function 21 2.4 Analysis 22 2.5 Design 23 2.5 Development 24 2.6 Implementation 25 2.7 Evaluation 25 2.8 Factor s that Influence the Effectiveness of Training 26 2.8.1 Training Needs 26 2.8.2 Formal Training 28 2.8.3 Informal Training 28 2.9 Employee Engagement 34 2.10 The Constructs of Employee Engagement 38 2.10.1 The constructs of employee engagement include job satisfaction, involvement and commitment. 38 2.10.2 Organisational Citizenship Behaviour 39 2.10.3 Constructs of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour 40 Chapter 3 Methodology 47 3.1 Introduction 47 3.2 Research Approach 47 3.3 Research Design 50 3.4 Sampling Plan 51 3.5 Data Collection Procedures 52 3.6 Instrument 53 3.7 Ethical Considerations 56 3.8 Method of Data Analysis 57 3.9 Conclusion 57

Leadership Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership - Case Study Example One quality of Sheryl that particularly makes her a charismatic leader is that she has been able to make it to the top without losing her femininity. She is glamorous, stylish, and delicate just like a woman is expected to be and yet she is so successful at work. As a successful professional and a qualified and confident person, many women look up to Sheryl as an example. Sheryl is also an example for many women because she is married and has children unlike so many professional women (Zeitlin, 2013). Women fancy being like her; Sheryl has what it takes to make the followers obey without any inconvenience or discomfort. In particular, she is a charismatic leader for the female workers. However, since Sheryl is a strong woman, some men from all positions including the seniors, peers, and subordinates might feel it difficult to accept her in the position she is, particularly because they are used to dominating women more than listening to them. Nevertheless, Sheryl is too emotionally i ntelligent to be controlled by such men in her profession. She knows the skill of gaining others’ consent since she supports her claims with facts, reasons, and statistics. There is no doubt that Sheryl is a very knowledgeable and intelligent person that makes it easier for her to win arguments, if need be. Sheryl is a leader that believes in equality of genders in spite of their differences. Being a woman and a successful leader, Sheryl has set an example for many working women who need motivation and inspiration to step up the ladder. Generally, a perception prevails among the women that deters them from taking challenging roles in their professions. A major reason for the formation of such a perception is that the concept of working women is not entirely consistent with the expectations of the society from the women. Many women feel guilty for not being able to fulfill their domestic responsibilities toward their families because of their work-related responsibilities. And the results are apparent; â€Å"The number of women age 20 and older not in the labor pool, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, has soared from 40 million in 2000 to nearly 49 million today; another 315,000 called it quits last month† (Peek, 2013). Sheryl considers women responsible for having lesser representation in the top positions of organizations as compared to men. According to her, women themselves make choices in which they tend to compromise upon their career in an attempt to come up to the societal expectations. While Sheryl does not criticize women for keeping work as a second priority and establishing their domestic responsibilities as their first priority, she does encourage women to try to make informed decisions in their lives by thoroughly reviewing all facts. This problem can partly be attributed to the fact that women and men have traditionally been restricted to domestic and professional lives respectively. The contemporary lifestyle imparts the need for the women to work parallel to men in all spheres of work. Correspondingly, if men share women’s domestic responsibilities, this practice would help create the balance that is much needed. Leaders like Sheryl idealize a world in which women assume the same responsibility as men in leadership and men have a more equal role to play in the domestic sphere as women. For women to play their role in

Operating system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Operating system - Essay Example As a result, there is a need for a communication interface between the computer and the human users. Interfacing the peripheral with the CPU For the central system to function, it requires a number of peripheral units which helps the system to work. Such peripheral units include the memory, the hard drive etc. The processor also needs input and output devices such as the keyboard, the mouse and the monitor in order for it to be able to receive data and give data from the results of processing the raw data. All these resources need to be managed and that is where the operating system comes in. The operating system sits between these peripheral components and the central hardware (the processing unit) and regulates the way these units access and use the operating system. The operating system manages the application systems as well and acts as the intermediary between the applications which are not able to communicate directly with the computer hardware. Advantages of an operating syste m Multitasking and time sharing One of the greatest advantages of an operating system is the ability to multitask. Multitasking refers to the fact that the processor will be handling more than one process concurrently. This is done through time sharing and the operating system in any computing environment is very useful in determining which functions will be given which computing resources. Before the modern operating system architecture was developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s, computer processors only processed one process at a time (Meyler, Fuller and Joyner 584). The main disadvantage of processing one process at a time is that valuable processor time is lost every time there is a delay in data execution or memory access for that particular process. An operating system schedules the access of the processor of the computer and makes sure that the processor is busy throughout the uptime. Using complicated algorithms, the operating systems also determine which application or device to be given access to the processor. Based on how complicated a process is, it can be given preference or denied preference. The operating system also is able to determine which processes are critical and therefore gives them preference in order to avoid fatal errors. For instance, if a printer is asking for a timeslot in the processor, it may be given preference over other processes because delays in processing the printing data may lead to the whole process failing. In this regard, a computer operating system not only schedules processes but also acts as an error handling system which prevents the computer as well as the various processes from failing. Programmers don’t need to know the processor architecture One of advantages of operating systems is that programmers never have to worry about the architecture of a computer as long as they code programs which can be executed by the operating system. This also means that programs can be run in computers with different hardware architectures since the applications don’t have to communicate directly with the hardware (processor). In this regard, the operating system separates the functions of application developers from computer architects. The computer programmer does not have to understand the internal working of the computer because the operating system will do most of the communication between the applications developed by

Religious Field Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Religious Field - Research Paper Example However, the research study indicates that many of the Japanese are members of the Shinto cult, and it has become one of the most powerful religious cults in nationwide with many religious believers. The Shinto has their own valuable books that include the Nihongi, which is the Japanese chronicles, and the Kojiki, which is the ancient events chronicles. Shinto, an indigenous faith of the Japanese people remains their main religious conviction beside Buddhism. Thus, the research paper analyzes the way different religious beliefs and practices may contribute to misconceptions, therefore, indicating the way to overcome such misconceptions. Shinto, unlike other religious cults, is one of the religious beliefs and practices, which may be possible to follow. The needs and traditional practices of Shinto rather than Shinto doctrines determine their practices. The Shinto practices takes into considerations four significant aspects including Kami as the integral part for love of nature, purif ication rites or physical cleanliness, tradition and family as well as festival and ceremonies. The Shinto believers have some aspects, which are similar to Buddhism, hence becoming easier for anyone from Buddhist to join and follow their aspects easily. This is because some practices such as death rituals are similar to Buddhist people, but Shinto focus mostly on live events such as honoring Kami, birth and marriage (Kallen, 2002). They have permanent areas for worshipping their Kami that are in the form, of shrines, vast complexes and each of them operates differently from one another. The priesthood in Shinto is taken as a family affair; thus, it passed from parents to their siblings. The people in each shrine dedicate themselves to Kami. The Shinto religious believers’ value varied Shinto texts, which contain the legends and historical events based upon their religion instead of being Holy Scriptures. Some of the Shinto texts are the Jinno Shotoki, Kojiki, the text for re cords of issues in the ancient times, Nihongi, Rokkokushi and many others. This books or Shinto texts create a misunderstanding with other religious beliefs and practices. This is because of the way they present their Shinto practices and their beliefs upon the creation of Japanese. The two significant and valued texts include the Kojiki and Nihongi, which provides the legendary stories about the creation or the existence of the Japanese into their being. The two books explain the way Kami (Shinto gods) created the ancient Japanese (Littleton 2002, p. 34). They reveal about the male and female who-invites (Izanagi and Izanami) respectively and the way they gave birth to the Japanese land. After the death of Izanami, Izanagi made a journey find her, but he found the maggot crawling with her decayed body. The Izanagi fled back to the living land being horrified, and he entered inside the water in order to purify himself. In the process of purification, the Izanagi encountered with the Sun Goddess, who is the greatest Kami while washing the left eye side (Kasulis, 2004). When he started washing the right one, the Moon Kami appeared to him. The Izanagi struggled to maintain peace in the land for many decades, but the Sun Goddess decided to send to them the grandson, Ninigi as their king to govern them (Bowker, 2012). This reveals the way Shinto is unique from other religious scriptures across the globe. For instance, the Christian texts explain the creation story of Adam and Eve

Constitutional Law Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Constitutional Law - Article Example Parliamentary sovereignty has three elements: (1) Parliament can make any law whatsoever and no body or any court can question any Act of Parliament; (2) no Parliament can bind either itself or any of its successors; and (3) no limit can be placed on the territorial extent on any of the Acts of Parliament. The first of the elements is known as the Enrolled Bill doctrine. It states that the duty of the judiciary with regard to the statutes of Parliament is to analyze through the Parliamentary Roll and nothing more in addition to it and that the judiciary must give fundamental respect and conclusiveness over whatever acts of Parliament, especially if it is with regard to the statutes passed therein. The second main element is known as the implied repeal rule which states that subsequent Parliaments can expressly or impliedly repeal any previous passed statutes made by the present and past Parliaments for the reason that subsequent parliaments possess the same powers and authority to all prior parliaments that ever existed. Further stating that the implied repeal rule also shows that the past Parliaments cannot hinder future parliaments from exercising their legislative authority. The last main element is known as the territorial extent doctrine which emphasizes that parliament can enact statutes that are outside its territorial jurisdiction of the United Kingdom, such as the High-jacking Act of 1982, it states that high-jacking is punishable even if the crime is committed outside the territorial jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom. Some limitations to this provision exists, such as that when the law requires that a certain procedure must be done in order that previously enacted statutes may be amended. An example is the requirement of a referendum among the people of Northern Ireland with regard to the concern of some of its territories. In the Manner and Form thesis it clearly defines the limits where the courts may intervene and even to point of invalidating an act of legislature such as with regard to those procedures and compositions but not on the area of its exercise of power. Therefore implying that it's power to change the law includes the power to subsequently change the law which will affect itself because the legal sovereign may impose on itself some legal restriction upon its acts. This is a contentious issues as long as the enrolled doctrine bill is in effect and recognizing both Parliament and the courts of law. Another big challenge to the Supremacy of the Parliament are the legal effects of the European Community which is incorporated in the UK legal system through the European Communities Act of 1972 and was asserted in the case law Mccarthys v Smith Jackson 3 (1979) 3 All ER 325 which states that specific Treaty as not only in aid of legislation and legal implementation but as having the force and effect of law which must be given priority over and above other national laws. Taking into consideration the Factortame cases which give the distinction as what kinds of repeals parliament can make with regard to treaties are concerned. This is shown in pertinent cases that parliament just cannot just impliedly repeal acts which have conflicts with the international treaties signed by the UK but may do so if there is an express repeal. As evidenced by a statute that was

Illegal Immigration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Illegal Immigration - Research Paper Example Mexico is the leading source country for US immigration as 31% of America’s foreign born citizens are from Mexico. Interestingly, 5.9 million out of the estimated 10.3 million unauthorized people in America are Mexicans (Hanson, 2006).This forms 56% of the Mexican presence in America. The geographical proximity can be accounted as the major reason for this trend. The analysis of cultural, economical and social costs incurred by the country in this process would reveal information confirming the need to check illegal migration. One very important factor which magnifies the impact of illegal migration is its unaccountability. There are no records on how the large quantum of immigrants influences various nationally relevant issues. The benefits of policy interventions by the government meant of its citizens are received in a large scale by the illegal immigrants. Owing to the unaccountability of people living illegally in the country, quantifying this is difficult. This results i n deterioration in the expected results of the policies. Resultant would be the social, cultural and economic costs associated with this. Taking these serious implications into account, it is very important for the Government of United States to control illegal migration. As Mexico border being the most susceptible in this regard, special attention need to be given in this area. Many of the policy statements of the American government emphasize on the issue of illegal immigration as of prime importance. Despite this, the statistics on migration suggests increasing trends on illegal immigration. The objective of this essay is to critically analyze the impacts of illegal migration on national security, economy, culture and the... From the research it can be comprehended that the most important and potentially risky impact of illegal migration is the concern that it poses over national security. The Commission report on the 9/11 has stated that the visas given to terrorists are as harmful as the most detrimental weapons. The report has revealed interesting statistics on t illegal immigration. It has been stated that almost 500 million people cross the US borders of which 330 million are non citizens. Hayworth, John D & Eule, Joe has opined that the major concern is over the other 500,000 people who enter the American soil illegally or who overstay in the country despite the visa expiry. This population may cause irreparable damage to the country and would spread antinational feelings. A factor of increasing concern is that the production of fraud travel documents has more or less become a business. The investigations on the 9/11 attack has revealed a number of forgeries relating to driving licenses, Social sec urity cards, vehicle registration ,insurance documents and many other nationally sensitive documents. In general, illegal immigrations, sham marriages to attain permanent residency and forgery of documents to extend the stay, all has been observed in association with terrorist activities. Thus for the sake national security, it becomes very important for the government to put an urgent stop to illegal migration and the allied activities.

Brand Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Brand Management - Term Paper Example Brand orientation refers to the case where a company or business organization formulates its marketing strategies based on brands. It is a company’s inclination towards the dealing with different brands as a marketing strategy (Urde 1). Brand Management: Definition and Related Concepts Brand management This refers to the analyses of all factors and aspects related to a brand and then coming up with a strategic plan to have a uniformly distributed brand. It involves the use of marketing strategies in ensuring that the users of a particular product do not shift their interest from the brand in question. Brand awareness This refers to the ability of the consumers of a particular product to identify and classify the product among other competing products and associate it with the manufacturer (Urde 10). It enables the consumer to know what the brand has that can make it more preferable to the others. It is important for the management to ensure that awareness is carried out concerning the company’s product since no customer will buy a product he does not understand. Brand valuation This is the establishment of the financial value of a brand. Brand valuation has important applications both in strategic brand management and in financial transaction. In the former case, brand valuation ‘focuses mainly on internal audiences by providing tools and processes to manage and increase the economic value of brands’ (Brand Valuation 10).

Child Psychology Services (Part 1) Essay Example for Free

Child Psychology Services (Part 1) Essay Explain the importance of safeguarding children and young people Safeguarding children and young people is a key for all professionals who work in all settings where they have contact with children, more so children who could be more vulnerable than others i.e. a child who struggles with a physical or mental disability. All children need to feel safe and secure and are being taught or mentored by adults they can trust. It is of the upmost importance that the correct people, whether they are full time employees or volunteers are given CRB checks. All agencies involved with children (more so, vulnerable children and young people) must take practical measures to make certain that the risk of harm to children/young people’s wellbeing is minimised. If there are concerns about a child/young person’s welfare then all agencies must take appropriate action to deal with these concerns, i.e. working to the agreed local policies and procedures for safeguarding children, keeping records of all reports made about the child is essential as a source to safeguarding children. Explain the importance of a child or young person centred approach Essential to safeguarding and encouraging the welfare of a child or young person is having a child’s centred approach. This could include seeing and keeping a child focused through difficulties they could be experiencing. Listening and ascertaining a child’s wishes and feelings will be important for the child, especially if they have formed a strong bond with the professional they are opening up to. It will also be imperative to a child if that professional close to them understands their daily lives and what they might be experiencing, no matter how hard it could be for the adult to hear. Crucially the child or young person will know there are people out there to help and support them when they need advice or guidance. It is important for a child centred approach because every child is different and a unique individual. A child’s wishes should always be taken into account. The national framework for Every Child Matters (Children’s Act 2004) was set up to support children or young people to ensure the joining up of services to ensure that each individual achieves the five Every child Matters Outcomes which offer support to children to enable them to be; †¢ Healthy. †¢ Stay safe. †¢ Enjoy and achieve. †¢ Make a positive contribution. †¢ Achieve economic well-being. Explain what is meant by partnership working in the context of safeguarding. When it comes to safeguarding, children are best protected when professionals know what is required of them and how they work together. This means that everyone who works with children has a responsibility for keeping them safe which involves identifying concerns, sharing information and taking prompt action. To carry this out effectively professionals need to work in partnership with each other. Unfortunately, the importance of doing this has come about from professionals failing to protect Victoria Climbie who died in 2000. Her death was preventable as doctors, police and social workers all came into contact with her and had concerns. However, the doctors who treated her discharged her to her abusers care and admitted they assumed the social services would investigate. The social workers were described as incompetent and Victoria’s social worker felt unsupported by her supervisor and described her colleagues as conflicted and chaotic. The police too failed to fully investiga te Victoria’s home (for fear of catching scabies) although close family members and Victoria’s child-minder raised their concerns. Following this case lessons were learnt and recommendations put into place to try and prevent another tragedy where successful partnership working for safeguarding should have stepped in earlier to avoid this abuse. To provide adequate safeguarding measures it helps to have a complete ‘picture’ of the child. Partnership working means each professional, (whether it’s the police, NHS, educations departments, NSPCC or social workers), if they have concerns to do with safeguarding, welfare child protection, they should work with the other agencies in contact with that child. Each of these professionals may have one snapshot and a concern that  may, on its own, not necessary need intervention. By working in partnership and sharing information the bigger picture evolves and, if each profession has a different concern, together the dots can be joined and a clearer decision can be made on any intervention measures. To help co-ordinate partnership working professionals use the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) to assess a child’s needs and use the outcomes to provide access to services to provide necessary support. CAF is a voluntary process which is used with informed consent so families do not have to engage and if they do they choose what information that they want to share. The CAF process is aimed to be used when a teacher, the child concerned or their parent raises concerns about that child’s health, development, welfare, behaviour or progress in learning/wellbeing. The information gathered enables an assessment to be made of what help is required and how it will be delivered and by whom. A Team around the Child (TAC) is then created to implement the requirements. The professionals that make a TAC vary from child to child depending on their needs and within the TAC a lead professional will have the responsibility to coordinate the work. Describe the roles and responsibilities of the different organisations that may be involved when a child or young person has been abused or harmed. When a child has been abused or harmed the first line response will be at the point of the allegation or discovery. This could happen in any number of settings, for example at school, in a medical setting or by a child calling child line. All of the agencies or organisations will need to work together but have their own roles in helping the child. Social Services have statutory responsibilities to provide support to vulnerable children and families in need. This may be after a death or when families are finding day to day life difficult. Most social workers are employed by social services. Health Visitors have a responsibility for the health of babies and young children under the age of five. They provide support and guidance to the parents of young children and carry out assessments of the child’s development. General Practitioners (GPs) work in the community, usually from health centres, and are the gateway to other health services. GPs are often the first people to identify possible abuse when a child attends the surgery. Probation Services support people convicted of some offences to be rehabilitated into the community. They have a key role in monitoring people convicted of offences against children and should ensure that those people do not pose a threat to any local children. Police are involved in the criminal proceedings that may result from safeguarding issues. Schools and Training Organisations are key to identifying and supporting children between the ages of 5 18 years when they are in need of help. All staff working with children and young people should be trained in safeguarding and protection. Child Psychology Services will often be needed to support children who have experienced harm or abuse.

Cialis Case Study Marking Scheme Essay Example for Free

Cialis Case Study Marking Scheme Essay Question 1 (25 Marks Total): According to information provided in the case, identify 3 main ED market segments. Describe each segment’s characteristics, including opportunities and barriers for adoption. Focus on key ED segments essential for future marketing campaign, as opposed to all possible segments. If sufficient information is provided in the case, identify potential size of the segment. -Correctly identifying demographics/age as a segment (2 marks) -Discuss main each age sub-group 20-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60+ segments (2 marks) and main barriers/opportunities to Cialis adoption: ED as a normal part of aging vs. waiting for condition to go away (2 marks); reasonably justified additional factors (up to 2 marks) -Correctly identifying Viagra usage status as a segment (2 marks) -Estimating size of Current Viagra Users/Viagra Drop-outs/Never tried Viagra segments – (1 mark) -Describing main barriers/opportunities to Cialis adoption by each sub-group: focus on willingness to try Cialis dimensions (2 marks); possible reasons for dropping Viagra use (2 marks); reasonably justified additional factors (up to 2 marks) -Correctly identifying Benefit of Duration as a segment (2 marks) -Describing main barriers/opportunities to Cialis adoption by each sub-group of prior Viagra users drop-outs vs. current users and those who have not tried Viagra (4 marks); reasonably justified additional factors (up to 2 marks) -Partial marks awarded for ED market segments not mentioned above and a convincing argument/description for such segment’s importance (up to 6 marks) Question 2 (10 Marks Total) – Discuss evolution of the Viagra brand, how it is positioned on the market vs. public’s perception of the brand and resulting opportunities for Cialis -Discuss early endorsement by Bob Dole and positioning (ie ED is a serious disease, targeting older age segment) (3 marks), followed by Mark Martin and change in targeting/brand messaging (associating Viagra with success and excitement, targeting younger age group) (3 marks) -Discuss the image of Viagra in popular culture and opportunities for Cialis (ridiculing public images creating barriers for men to overcome; partner perceives that her husband’s desire is a result of taking the pill, not genuine desire) (4 marks). Question (3) (20 Marks Total): Describe Pro’s and Con’s of positioning Cialis (1) vertically based on duration of benefit and (2) horizontally based on attitudes toward sex. For this question, consider potential success with each market segment described in Question 1 and discuss differences in profiles of Cialis vs. Viagra. Consider whether each positioning increases demand in general or converts Viagra users. -Pro’s and con’s of Vertical positioning based on ’36 hours vs. 4’ hours. Should include the following: oConvenience/Spontaneity/Week-ends (1 Mark) oEconomics/Frequency (1 Mark) oPotential safety concerns (1 Mark) oNo interaction with high-fat meals (1 Mark) oOr other factors, justified (up to 2 Marks) oEffective use of information provided in the case, particularly in-depth interviews to justify position (2 Marks) oEffective analysis of appeal to each segment (3 Marks) oEffect on demand (1 Mark) -Pro’s and con’s of Horizontal Positioning based on attitude towards sex for Cialis vs. Viagra. Should include the following: oRomantic lifestyle (1 Mark) oExcitement/success (1 Mark) oMore natural sex dynamics for couples (1 Mark) oHero-enabler/Man is the hero vs. the pill being hero (1 Mark) oOr other factors, justified (up to 2 Marks) oEffective use of information provided in the case, particularly in-depth interviews to justify position (2 Marks) oEffective analysis of appeal to each segment (3 Marks) oEffect on demand (1 Mark) QUESTION 4 (35 Marks Total) – By answering each of the sub-questions 1 through 5, discuss how you would launch Cialis into the market, paying careful attention to the fact that incumbent may create certain barriers to overcome; consider benefits for Cialis market share vs. the entire category and fit with each market segment. 1)Briefly state your marketing strategy (horizontal vs. vertical); summarize your product positioning and launch strategy (5 Marks Total) 2)Describe your chosen product attributes in the context of your positioning (hint: describe only attributes you can control: color, packaging, name, etc) (5 Marks Total) 3)Describe your pricing strategy and provide annual per customer revenue estimate (13 Marks total) -Analysis pricing target and market segments (5 Marks) -Analysis for pricing above/below Viagra (5 Marks) oFactors that should be covered: ï‚ §Price image effects ï‚ §Economic benefit to patient ï‚ §Consumer willingness to pay ï‚ §Impact of coverage by Health Plans -Per Customer Revenue Estimate (3 Marks Total): oEstimate revenue based on patient pills per year and proposed price (2 Marks) taking into account dropouts (1 Mark) or other relevant factors (up to 1 Mark) 4)Describe primary aspects of your launch strategy with respect to Pull vs. Push marketing (7 Marks Total). -Analysis should include the following factors: oAnalysis of relevant physician behavior – urologists vs. generalists; doctors may refuse prescriptions and do not initiate treatment oAnalysis of relevant consumer behavior oRole of partners oProduct promotions, other means to encourage trying Cialis oSales force requirements oConsistency with each target market and positioning 5)Describe your Communication Strategy (5 Marks Total) oAnalysis should include the following factors: ï‚ §Communication to each market segment ï‚ §Communicating to patients, partners, Viagra users, and physicians ï‚ §Which mediums should be deployed ï‚ §Who should be featured in adds, what age group(s), gender ï‚ §Event sponsorships and/or endorsements QUESTION 5 (10 Marks Total): Given your responses in Question 4 and by responding to sub-questions 1 and 2, discuss how Pfizer may respond to your Cialis positioning and how this may be addressed post product launch (7 marks); Discuss how Cialis could anticipate and respond to introduction of Levitra by GSK (3 marks). 1)Discuss how Pfizer may respond to Cialis positioning (7 marks) oAnalysis should include the following factors: ï‚ §Most likely response(s) from Pfizer ï‚ §Viagra’s long presence in the market ï‚ §Promotions/discounts on Viagra ï‚ §Thoughtful argument how Cialis camp might respond oDiscuss how Cialis could anticipate and prepare introduction of Levitra by GSK (3 marks). oAnalysis should include the following factors: ï‚ §Levitra profile ï‚ §Most likely positioning by GSK ï‚ §Response, if any, by Cialis camp

Issues for Sustainable Development in Finance

Issues for Sustainable Development in Finance Introduction Sustainable development is about integration: creating in a way that benefits the amplest possible range of sectors, across borders and even between eras. At the end of the day, our choices ought to consideration potential effect on society, environment and the economy, while remembering that: our activities will have impacts somewhere else and our activities will affect future. But there are some issues of sustainability which are affecting different sectors. Besides this how a company can reduce risk of insolvency by adopting proper capital structure with optimal ratio of debt to equity. Summary In this report, I will tell about sustainability issues for sustainable development in finance and how their effect makes contrasts in different financial sectors. These issues assume essential part in any financial sectors like banks, investment and insurance etc. Later on ,this report through light on environmental, social and governance issues and their part to make investments and decision with respect to finance. These issues are factors of vital importance to financial performance of company in which investors invest for short and long term and impact the ability of company and investor to achieve sustainable growth. Moreover, it is observed that there is variability in ESG issues being integrated in investment decision making process. Moving further, this report tells about different principles of capital structure including cost of capital which is also the important part of finance. Cost principle deals with ideal capital structure that is minimizing cost of finance and maxi mizing earning per share. Debt capital is cheaper form of capital structure. At the end of report there is a conclusion about what are my views regarding this search. Sustainability issues affecting the various sectors of finance and financial approaches Banks and other financial organizations have an important part in designate financial assets. Society anticipates that banks will make their money related assets available for the real economy and to deliver products and services those aides, instead of damage, the public interest. Along these lines, it is of incredible significance that banks effectively deal with their effect on social and natural sustainability. The products of banks, and also creation procedures of organizations financed by banks, are actually keeping an eye on sustainability risks. For instance, finance related products can make the risks of indebtedness for low-pay buyers; banks cause the hazard that a portion of the organizations they are giving fund for deforest land to agriculture, Causing a global warming, Exploiting labor rights or otherwise cause social and environmental problems. Social or environmental risks might not necessarily result in financial risks in the short-term but there is good chance that they do so in the mid- and long-term, both for the affected financial institution and for the financial system as a whole. Social and environmental incidents can increase costs, threaten the stability of businesses and thus, increase their probability of default. Moreover, they can threaten global financial stability through their devastating or destabilizing effects on the society. BANKERS Bankers know that in specific situations they can be considered responsible by society. Through the legal system, for the natural wrongs of their borrowers to restrain their risks, bankers are starting to consider eco-proficiency in their loaning choices, on the assumption that organizations with an awful ecological performance represent a high finance related hazard. They are starting to comprehend that an organizations financial soundness depends increasingly in its eco-proficiency. Leading banks have to a great extent moderated their own particular environmental risk exposure, however we propose that bankers now look all the more carefully for chances to give money related product and services that help other people diminish their risks as well. Initially, banks were set up to play out these exercises as a social capacity: help coordinating saving and loaning needs. By giving or denying access to credit, (business) banks assumed an imperative part for the improvement of the genuin e economy and for social appropriation. Financial regulation was planned to guarantee that the keeping money part could play out this social capacity in a solid, open and productive way. EXAMPLE ANZ Environmental Loan: There is an increasing focus for farmers to ensure that their farming practice is environmentally sustainable. The ANZ Environmental Loan is a low-interest loan considered to help you invest in your environmental systems to improve the environmental sustainability of your farm or meet your local councils environmental by-laws.http://www.anz.co.nz/rural/rural-finance/farm-development-package/environmental-loan/ INSURERS Today risk management and risk management sit at the focal point of many of our sustainability challenges. Comprehension and managing a wide range of sort of risk is the specific expertise of the insurance sector. Thus, the availability between sustainable issues and the insurance sector is solid and will be progressively valued by more extensive society. Insurance agencies are included in the settlement of a wide range of ecological losses, weather it is man-made or normal. Insurers have extensive know how in risk management and claim dealing with. They have given disaster prevention advice to business associations, overall population and to the general public through expert specialists. They behave like as guardian, by giving monetary help to the society in, return of a nominal amount of premium. Appropriation of innovation and online insurance market decreases the paper works which consequently save the environment. It enhances the way of life of the society through innovative ins urance products. Insurers have as of now experienced direct financial damage from environmental problems. Claims against general risk arrangements for harms from asbestos exposure and dangerous waste dumping in the United States are evaluated to cost the insurance business $2 trillion. Presently insurers are stressed over the likelihood of environmental change and how this could, later on, harm their business. Some in the business contend that back up plans ought to perceive that their entomb business. Some in the business contend that insurers must recognize that their advantage is not quite the same as the individuals who offer carbon fuel. INVESTORS Now a day investors are less keen on environment than bankers. With the disappointment of investment community organizations have turned out to be frustrated and neglect to perceive the environmental investment they have made. As Growing interest of individual financial specialists prompted dynamic ecological investment fund. The potential market for green item with no cost or quality premium is probably going to be considerable. In light of indifference of contributing foundations a few investors have sought after shareholder activism and take their worries specifically to substantial organizations. This has begun impacting the segment. Fund managers and venture banks are being focused by ecological NGO over their investment and association with environmentally damaging organizations. Ecological issues are considered important by much association in investment sector and making peer weight for change. EVALUATE AND ASSESS ESG ISSUES FOR A HOLOISTIC INVESTMENT STRATEGY AND DECISION-MAKINGPROCESS A common motivation for incorporating ESG into the investment procedure is to effectively oversee key elements that are accepted to be important drivers of risk and returns. In this unique circumstance, ESG factors can be utilized to choose betterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ managed organizations that can moderate risks and endeavor openings coming from the key ecological and social issues. For example: ENVIRONMENT Climate change represents various dangers to investments around the world. With the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) keeping on displaying the effects of an global warming, investments extending from infrastructure to agriculture could be undermined and at last lost. Accordingly, fossil-fuel-subordinate industries have turned out to be less appealing to investors while renewable energy and sustainable technologies are in expanding demand. Then again, dangers to investments emerging from environmental change are additionally making new open doors for investments. With expanding improvement in developing business sector economies, new markets are being made with circumstances including renewable energies, flood defense and sustainable transport planning. SOCIAL Investments in projects and organizations have impacts on individuals lives, specifically in the creating scene where weakness to any progressions is frequently more noteworthy. The social impact of these investments has turned into a huge, if not prevailing, point inside ESG. Related issues incorporate the provincial economic advantage of interest in new projects, enhanced social portability related with expanded employment, or negative effect issues, for example, forced resettlement, monetary dislodging inside groups or effects on health or crime. For instance, conflict minerals are a solid theme zone in ESG. With the mining of tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold in a few ranges of the world being related with funding civil wars, domestic abuse and unfair working conditions, there is weight for investees and investors to show that item segments have not been sourced from struggle related mines. Mining and oil and gas organizations consistently experience corrupt practices, social and political instability, and clashes with nearby communities that debilitate their license to work. GOVERNANCE Resource scarcity undermines to be a critical test to the worldwide economy. With numerous innovative products requiring the sourcing of uncommon minerals, and with inquiries around the sustainable production of goods around the world, opportunities lie in the sustainable sourcing and production of products, while putting weight on practices that are unsustainable. Todays financial markets experience issues consolidating low recurrence however high effect chances in finance within shortà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ term benchmarks, it might be hard to accommodate with key ESG issues that are gone for revealing dangers in the medium to long term. The wealth destruction experienced by shareholders of BP after the Gulf of Mexico oil slick or of TEPCO after the atomic mischance at Fukushima is outlines of this misà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ pricing. Principles of capital structure including the cost of capital for business sustainability CAPITAL STRUCTURE Capital structure is the composition of long-term liabilities, exact short-term liabilities, similar to bank notes, common equity, and preferred equity, which construct up the funds a company firm uses for its operation and expansion. The capital structure of a business firm is basically the right area of its balance sheet. Capital structure, normally, is composed of the firm debt and equity. There are considerations through management and the stakeholders over what mix up of debt and equity to use. Must be more debt financing be old in order to make a higher return. For instance, the capital structure of XYZ, Inc. is 40% long-term debt (bonds), 10% preferred stock, and 50% common stock. 1. Decisions are based on cash flow not accounting income The capital structure choices depend on the cash flow as opposed to depending on the accounting income. These are the incremental cash flows, that is, the extra cash flow that will happen if the project is attempted contrasted with if the project is not undertaken. While evaluating this cash flow certain costs, for example, the sunk cost will be overlooked. This is on the grounds that sunk cost is the cost that is as of now acquired whether the project is undertaken or not. Correspondingly any intangible costs and advantages are overlooked. The investment analysis ought to likewise account for any externalities. An externality refers to the impact of the project/investment on different things than the project itself. A typical externality is cannibalization, where another project diminishes the cash flow of another project. This is a negative externality. A venture can likewise have a positive externality where another venture has constructive outcome on the income from another proje ct. 2. Timing of cash flow Another very important part of the analysis is to appraise the timing of cash flow as precisely as could be expected under the circumstances. As the capital structure analysis uses the idea of time estimation of cash, the time at which the income happens essentially impacts the present estimation of the project. The prior the income happens the more profitable it is. 3. Opportunity cost should be considered The project study should consist of opportunity costs. Opportunity cost is the cash flow with the purpose of the company loses because of responsibility the new project. 4. Cash flow should be adjusted for taxes After-tax cash flow must be use for capital budgeting study. 5. Financing Costs should be ignored Financing expenses should not be incorporated into the cash flow. Investigators will take the after-tax operating cash flows and will rebate them utilizing the required rate of return to touch base at the net present value. The financing costs are as of now reflected in the required rate of return and the cash flow should not be balanced for the same, regardless of whether the venture is financed utilizing equity, debt or a mix of both. A project may have traditional or unusual cash flow design. In the event of a customary cash flow design, there is an underlying outflow of cash took after by at least one cash inflows. In the event of changeable cash flows, there could be a progression of money inflows and outflow at various times. CONCLUSION At the end it is concluded that, financial sector doing a lot for the sustainability development in their sectors. However, Sustainable development will run as an inseparable unit with change. This change might be progressive and happen over a long period, like the slow moves in concepts inside the banking sector, or they happen all of a sudden inside a short period of time. From their own particular point of view, banks ordinarily manage gradually changing views. All things considered, banks can likewise be faced with sudden changes. REFERENCES http://www.sd-network.eu/quarterly%20reports/report%20files/pdf/2012-December-The_Financial_Sector_and_Sustainable_Development.pdf https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=m2iYpZWwl_0Cprintsec=frontcoverdq=what+banks+and+insurance+company++do+for+sustainabilityhl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwi-hqiLwZDSAhUQh7wKHW5gDWQQ6wEIJzAA#v=onepageq=what%20banks%20and%20insurance%20company%20%20do%20for%20su https://www.ripublication.com/gjfm-spl/gjfmv6n3_07.pdf http://www.wsp-pb.com/Globaln/UK/Images/WSP%20CFF%20ESG%20Guideline%2061.pdf http://www.syntao.com/Uploads/%7BB2543895-467B-4D56-AE76-F03D5B57826F%7D_Integrating_ESG_into_the_Investment_Process_Aug_2011.pdf https://www.thebalance.com/capital-structure-definition-393275 file:///C:/Users/Admin/Desktop/Principles%20of%20Capital%20Budgeting%20-%20Finance%20Train.html

Interview With Toni Morrison :: essays papers

"I'm interested in the way in which the past affects the present and I think that if we understand a good deal more about history, we automatically understand a great more about contemporary life. Also, there's more of the past for imaginative purposes than there is of the future." Q. Beloved is dedicated to the 60 million who died as a result of slavery. A staggering number -- is this proved historically? A. Some historians told me 200 million died. The smallest number I got from anybody was 60 million. There were travel accounts of people who were in the Congo -- that's a wide river -- saying, ''We could not get the boat through the river, it was choked with bodies.'' That's like a logjam. A lot of people died. Half of them died in those ships. Slave trade was like cocaine is now -- even though it was against the law, that didn't stop anybody. Imagine getting $1,000 for a human being. That's a lot of money. There are fortunes in this country that were made that way. I thought this has got to be the least read of all the books I'd written because it is about something that the characters don't want to remember, I don't want to remember, black people don't want to remember, white people don't want to remember. I mean, it's national amnesia. Q. You gave new insight into the daily struggle of slaves. A. I was trying to make it a personal experience. The book was not about the institution -- Slavery with a capital S. It was about these anonymous people called slaves. What they do to keep on, how they make a life, what they're willing to risk, however long it lasts, in order to relate to one another -- that was incredible to me. For me, the torturous restraining devices became a hook on which to say what it was like in personal terms. I knew about them because slaves who wrote about their lives mentioned them, and white people wrote about them. There's a wonderful diary of the Burr family in which he talks about his daily life and says, ''Put the bit on Jenny today.'' He says that about 19 times in six months -- and he was presumably an enlightened slave owner.

Capital Punishment :: essays research papers

Capital Punishment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There once was a man, long ago, that was sentenced to death for crimes the government said he had committed. He was not a murderer or a thief. He wasn’t a rebel he was just a normal man doing what was right. Since the government saw him as a threat to them they sent him to death. An innocent man was killed. This man was the most influential man in history. He was Jesus Christ. Capital Punishment is one of today’s many issues brought up in Congress. Does the government have the right to take a life?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Capital Punishment has been around since ancient times; it has been used as a punishment for crimes ranging in gravity form petty theft to murder. Modern opposition to capital punishment arose in France in the 18th. Century and spread through Western Europe, where most nations abolish such laws in the 20th century. In the US the death penalty was applied with decreasing frequency after World War II, and in 1972 the US Supreme Court voided all federal and states laws calling for the death penalty on the grounds that condemned persons were being subjected to cruel and unusual punishment, in violation of the 8th amendment to the Constitution. The court left open, however, the possibility of new, constitutional laws, since then the U.S. And most states have enacted measures imposing the penalty in specified kinds of murder cases.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Capital Punishment is one of the oldest institutions in America.Americans have implemented capital punishment ever since Daniel Frank of Virginia was put to death in 1622. Since then more than 18,000 convicted felons have been put to death. There is not enough evidence to prove whether or not capital punishment deters crime. If the state governments used the death penalty consistently it could become an effective deterrent of violent crime. When trying to determine whether capital punishment does deter crime criminologists are forced to compare states that do have capital punishment to those that hardy do. This makes it almost impossible to learn anything from the study. The opposition of the death penalty has been successful in limiting the use of the death as well as the methods used. The government if the Unitied States has brought and end to public executions and mandatory capital sentencing as well as costing courts to give an appellate review in capital case s. Some state governments have never implemented the death penalty, and others have experimented with temporary or total abolition of capital punishment.

Around The Way Love :: essays research papers

Around the Way Lover This is story all about how my life got flipped turned upside down I like to take a minute just sit right there, Ill tell you how I became in love with the girl around the way. In the summer of 1995, I met this beautiful Mexican girl that just moved on my block. I was only in 5th grade and she was in 6th and 1year  ½ older than I was. I met her threw my friends that I played with everyday on my block. When I walked outside one day I saw this unfamiliar girl coloring with my friends on the sidewalk. I asked my best friend Brian who she was and he told me she was the new girl on the block. When Brian and I walked over, to go talk to our friends, I sat down right next to the new girl and asked her what her name was. She said Bianca but In a really shy voice. Through out the whole summer I talked to her and got to really know her. Then when the school year started I remember always getting home and trying to get all my homework done just so I could go outside and talk with her. Then about 4 months after meeting unfamiliar face, I told my friend’s, that I liked Bianca and I wanted to go out with her. But all my friend told me was to go and ask her out myself. So about a month later I finally got the guts to ask her while I was walking her home from our friend’s house. I remember I was so scared while I was asking her and she could tell I was because I was pretty much stuttering while talking to her. Then finally she spoke out saying, â€Å"are you trying to ask me out?† Then I said, â€Å"yes.† She said she doesn’t know because her mom doesn’t want her to have a boyfriend and she would tell me the next day. Then I went back and told all 5 of our friends that she said she would tell me the next day. The rest of that night we were outside all I could think about is what her answer would be. Then the next day about 12:30p.m. my friend called me up and said that she talked to Bianca and she was going to say †no,† because I was younger than she was.

Chicano Studies Paper

The United States, a place associated with hope, equal opportunity and freedom also faces many underlying issues. The idea of this â€Å"perfect† country has been corrupted with problems such as immigration, growing class division and most prominently the 2007 recession. These burdens have prevented people from living the â€Å"American Dream†, a concept that our country has over glorified. The root of these ongoing problems has not been properly addressed, preventing our nation from making any progress.Looking closely at the continuous problems that the Unites States has and still faces, it is viable to say that these issues revolve around capitalism. The novel, The Barbarian Nurseries by Hector Tobar illustrates how immigrants like Araceli are victimized due to unresolved issues with money and the recession. When Araceli is prosecuted for abusing and kidnapping the Torres-Thompson children, the case eventually transitions into an issue with immigration. As the case ga ins media attention people like Ian Goller and Janet Bryson express resentment toward Araceli.Within Araceli, Goller and Bryson saw a representation of immigrants, who in their mind were to blame for the issues that had erupted in â€Å"their† country, such as the everlasting recession. Janet Bryson exemplifies this anger and bitterness when she boldly states: â€Å"To those who want to point out how much these illegal immigrants [†¦] contribute to their society [.. ] Look at our full prisons, our higher insurance rates, our lowering education standards†(325). Bryson and Goller’s actions symbolize the result of capitalism, the true villain within the novel.Capitalism has never been fully recognized as the true cause for many of the problems the U. S has faced causing immigrants like Araceli to be used as scapegoats for issues they had little influence in causing. As a result, capitalism can be seen as the barbarian in the novel, which in turn leads to barba ric actions on behalf of people like Goller and Bryson, against immigrants like Araceli who are innocently trying to secure a better life for themselves in the United States.I personally found it appalling that even after Araceli was found innocent for harming and kidnapping of the Thompson kids, Goller had the audacity to try and prosecute and deport Araceli: â€Å"Your honor before you adjourn, [.. ] there is also the matter of the defendant’s immigration status† (408). These never ending accusations that immigrants have to carry, prevent them from reaching that better life that they work so hard to one day achieve in the Unites States. In the end Araceli is unjustly forced to escape and essentially start a new life from scratch due to the negative associations that an immigrant label carriers.In the film A Better Life, capitalism is also a hidden factor to many of the conflicts that are portrayed throughout the film. The film depicts Carlos, a hardworking immigrant worker striving to do all he possibly can to create a better life for him and his son. This proves to be easier said than done as Carlos’ continuous efforts backfire and he ends up getting deported. The driving force behind his inability to reach the better life he so desperately desires is capitalism.Passion and motivation can be seen within Carlos’ optimism and spirit when he says: â€Å"This country is a land of dreams, it can be a hard place, a cruel place, but it’s where I work and I dream for a better place for my son†. Unfortunately his drive is not enough to move up economically which is the key to sustaining a better living. Even when hope is created through the purchase of a truck, his gateway to living the American dream is quickly shattered when his truck is stolen by Santiago, another immigrant worker.The injustice that he had faced when getting his truck stolen led me to resent Santiago, but I later realized that he was going through his own hardships in trying to live out his own American Dream. The darkness of capitalism had led him to a desperate barbaric action, emphasizing the want for a better life as a universal battle. Capitalism further acts as a catalyst in the film as seen through Carlos unstable living in a run down neighborhood, preventing his son Luis from getting getting the proper education he deserves and needs to accomplish a better future.The probability of his son ending up in the same oppressive situation as him becomes very probable, causing doubts of the possibility of ever reaching success. This never ending cycle of constant input with no output leads to the devastating realization that this idea of a better life may be unattainable. This understanding is described by Celo who chose to face the reality of his limited opportunities by joining a gang: â€Å"They either lock us out or lock us up†. This makes me stop and realize that there is a reason behind all of the â€Å"bad† deci sions that people make, sometimes it’s becomes their only option.At the end of the film, a better life is not achieved by Carlos, instead he is seen in the desert trying to cross the border, back to the same place that he had started, making one wonder if a better life is even reachable. The 2007 recession, a result of capitalism has also had a personal impact on my family’s lives. Before the recession, my family lived a pretty stable life in a beautiful home that my parents had worked so hard to provide for us. When the recession struck its effects took a toll on my family for several years to come. Around 2009 my mom was laid off from her teaching position, leaving her jobless for over a year.During this time all of the financial responsibilities for the house were left to my dad who did not gain much income as a truck driver. Without any financial help from my mom, money became a huge issue for my family. Letting go of certain luxuries, such as going out to eat freq uently and shopping for new gadgets whenever we pleased became difficult. As payments for the house became more complicated to pay, my parents also started drifting apart. Eventually my dad was unable to make the payments for the house causing us to lose our home as well as deal with the eventual separation of my parents.All of these events led back to the recession which has definitely taken us off the path from living the better life that my parents worked so hard to achieve. Looking back at the successes that my parents have achieved only to be beaten down by the devious recession, I strive to rebuild that â€Å"better life† that we once had, full of unity, happiness, and achievement. Due to these burdens, several years later my family is still dealing with the consequences of an issue that has yet to be dealt with efficiently by the United States.Reaching a better life has become more difficult due to the Unites States’ inability to address a problem that has been plaguing our nation over and over again. This capitalist issue has shattered many hopes and dreams that many hoped to achieve. Life should not be based on lost aspirations but on anticipation for a successful future. Through the text, the novel and my personal experience our nation’s issue with capitalism can be seen as an unchanging factor in our society in both the past and present.Due to our nation’s failure in providing a solution for the problems that capitalism has ensued, its negative effects have come up time and time again. During the 1930’s the Unites States faced an economic depression resulting in a very high unemployment rate. In order to deflect the nation away from the issues the nation was facing, immigrants were targeted for the country’s falling out. The justification for these unjust actions is portrayed in the reader stating that â€Å"The deportation of more Mexicans meant more jobs for real Americans† (147).These unreasonable initiatives that the nation took in order to draw attention away from United State’s real issues, appear to be very similar to the actions taken by the nation in today’s recession. It is due to these continued patterns that reaching for a more stable, successful life has become difficult not only for immigrants but for everyone in the United States trying to make something of themselves. As Sunny Patterson states in her poem, â€Å"Money and power and greed, the game. They suck and devour the souls of the slain†.Patterson highlights how our societies corrupted desire for money and control has selfishly left the rest of the population thirsting for the day they will be able to rebuild the path toward their desired life. It is for these reasons that I believe that our nation is still in the â€Å"dessert† as Patterson suggests, facing the same unresolved problems that have progressively lead to high unemployment, rising tuition for educations, higher costs of living and so on. A positive initiative needs to be taken in order to prevent our nations from getting even worse than it already is.Martin Luther King proposes a solution to this problem when he states: â€Å"We must rapidly begin the shift from a thing oriented society to a person oriented society† (A Time to Break Silence). He suggests that a shift needs to be made from individualistic selfish needs to a population coming together and conquering the nation’s issues in unison. This idea is also suggested by Patterson after addressing all of the abominations that the Unites States has yet to address when she states: â€Å"But come, come children, rally around and maybe together we can make a sound that will shake the trees or rattle the ground†.This simple change of coming together to change a cause is an effortless act that can bring just the right push to in bringing a positive change to our nation. This small yet useful act can be used as a way to express common concerns within a population to bring about the urgently needed change that we need in our nation. It is only through this radical change as King speaks out about that our nation will finally get out of the all too familiar desert that we have revisited over and over again.

Personalidad: Proposito de Las Teorias, Caracteristicas Y Y El Papel de La Funcion Cerebral En Personalidad

TEORIAS BIOLOGICAS SE CENTRAN EN ASPECTOS FISICOS Y FISIOLOGICOS. Teorias biologicas se centran en aspectos fisicos y fisiologicos. Teorias psicologicas. Se incluyen aqui tres versiones por una parte tenemos la teoria psicoanalitica en segundo lugar esta la rama acquireductista, basada en relaciones estimulo-respuesta por ultimo, el enfoque cognitivo, que parte de la base de entender nuestra mente como un ordenador, play propias leyes de almacenamiento y procesamiento de la informacion. Teorias socioculturales.Estas teorias se centran en el estudio del sujeto dependiendo del ambiente cultural en que se desarrolla. TEORIAS BIOLOGICAS TINY DYNAMITE Cuando nos referimos a las teorias biologicas de la per word of honoralidad, debemos tener presente que son aquellas que se interesan por el estudio de la graphemelidad desde dos perspectivas. Por un lado, parten del hecho de que una gran parte de la personalidad viene determinada geneticamente. Por otro lado, otorgan cierta relevancia al aspecto fisico como determinante en el desarrollo de la personalidad. E.Rojas senala que estas teorias son tan antiguas como la propia ciencia de la psicologia. Los antiguos estudiosos griegos ya habian establecido lo que se filchoce como la teoria de los cuatro humores. Entendian que la personalidad estaba predefinida dependiendo del nivel existente de los cuatro tipos de fluidos, tambien llamados humores. Asi, la sangre, la flema, la bilis amarilla y la bilis negra daban origen a cuatro temperamentos Un exceso de sangre studyducia al sanguineo que desarrollaria una personalidad caracterizada como optimista, alegre, abierto, extravertido y de apariencia saludable y agradable.Una abundante cantidad de linfa desexualise al flematico. Serian personas lentas, apaticas, siempre con tendencia a la inactividad motivada por el cansancio y la abulia. En tercer lugar tendriamos al colerico, definido por un exceso de bilis amarilla. Sera una persona irascible, fuerte, agresiva por natural eza, combativa e impulsiva. Finalmente, la excesiva bilis negra conducia al melancolico, convirtiendolo asi en una persona triste, decaida y con una vision de la vida excesivamente pesimista. E. Rojas senala que ya en el siglo XX, la clasificacion que tuvo city manager fortuna fue la de E.Kretschmer3 (1926). Kretschmer intento establecer una union entre los aspectos fisicos, es decir, la morfologia de los sujetos, y la forma de ser, reaccionar, actuar. Llego asi a clasificar la personalidad en cuatro tipos y, dependiendo de estos tipos, establece la tendencia a sufrir algun tipo de trastorno o enfermedad psiquica. El leptosomico sera un sujeto de alta estatura, cuerpo delgado y aparentemente fragil. Le caracteriza la hipersensibilidad, es introvertido, idealista y presenta grandes dificultades en el contacto interpersonal.El leptosomico tiene una inteligencia mas profunda que expresa y presenta facilidad para el pensamiento abstracto. El picnico, sin embargo, es de baja estatura, el cuerpo ancho y miembros flacos. Su estado animico oscila continuamente entre la alegria y la tristeza. Tiene facilidad en el proceso comunicativo, es abierto. Es un sujeto con una inteligencia mas extensa que el leptosomico, no tan profunda, lo que lleva a que su forma de pensar y actuar sea concreta y siempre practica.El atletico tiene una figura herculea, su forma de ser es perseverante, con explosiones de caracter en ocasiones. Su pensamiento es de escaso relieve. El displasico viene determinado como una mezcla de caracteristicas de las tres categorias anteriores. Una clasificacion similar es la que establece W. H. Sheldon4 (1939), discipulo de Kretschmer. Identifico tres proportiones basicas endomorfico, mesomorfico y ectomorfico. El endomorfico se corresponderia con el picnico, el mesomorfico con el atletico y el ectomorfico con el leptosomico.W. H. Sheldon anade que, atendiendo a esta clasificacion, el individuo sera mas propenso a desarrollar un tipo determinado de enfermed ad psicologica. Asi, el endomorfico sera mas susceptible a padecer enfermedades psicologicas afectivas-depresivas. El mesomorfico, debido a su tendencia a la lucha y el esfuerzo por conseguir sus propias metas, sin importarle el dolour o sufrimiento y receloso o desconfiado por naturaleza, tendra mayor posibilidad de sufrir algun tipo de enfermedad psicologica que se incline hacia lo paranoide.Los ectomorficos tienen una psicologia que Sheldon denomino cerebrotomica, es decir, les caracteriza el autocontrol y dominio de si mismos, prefieren la soledad y saben enfrentarse a sus propios problemas. La enfermedad psicologica surgiria cuando alguno de estos aspectos tienda al desequilibrio. Abi Morgan no caracteriza a sus personajes desde un punto de perspective morfologico, los datos que establece vienen relacionados con la edad, el estado civilized y la profesion. Nosotros, como lectores activos, podemos llegar a imaginarnos la estructura fisica de los personajes.Formamos nuestra pr opia imagen de como podria ser ese personaje dependiendo, por un lado, de los datos anteriormente citados por la autora y, por otro, de la forma de actuar e interactuar de esos personajes, por lo que no considero muy oportuno establecer una clasificacion de sus personajes atendiendo a esta teoria, ya que la propia autora no determina estas caracteristicas. Aun asi, es una teoria muy interesante para poder llevar a cabo el proceso contrario cuando se proceda a la posible caracterizacion escenica, es decir, atendiendo a la personalidad y rasgos se puede llegar a determinar un fisico especifico.El Dr. C. George Boeree5 (1997) senala que la teoria temperamental desarrollada por H. Eysenck6 ha significado un gran avance en las teorias biologicas de la personalidad. Aunque es un conductista que considera los habitos aprendidos como algo de gran importancia, considera que las diferencias de nuestras personalidades vienen determinadas por la herencia. Segun Eysenck, el temperamento es un as pecto de la personalidad con el que se nace y las diferentes personalidades parten del aprendizaje y el desarrollo temperamental en el transcurso de las vivencias individuales.Eysenck senalo que el temperamento tiene dos dimensiones principales neuroticismo y extraversion-introversion. El neuroticismo es la dimension que oscila entre las personas tranquilas, calmadas, equilibradas, y las nerviosas en exceso, de forma incontrolada, quienes tenderan a sufrir con mayor frecuencia una gran variedad de trastornos nerviosos o neurosis. Este exceso nervioso viene determinado por la respuesta que muestra el sistema nervioso simpatico7 ante situaciones determinadas.Dependiendo del nivel de respuesta del sistema nervioso simpatico, podemos establecer una caracterizacion de los individuos como mas o menos propensos a sufrir algun tipo de trastorno neurotico. Otra dimension del temperamento formulada por Eysenck es la conocida como extraversion-introversion. Su hipotesis consiste en que una per sona extravertida tiene una fuerte inhibicion, es decir, ante un trauma, la respuesta de su cerebro le protege. Una persona introvertida en la misma situacion de estimulacion excesiva, no es protegida lo suficiente debido a que le caracteriza una pobre inhibicion, y, por tanto, es mas susceptible a sufrir un trauma.