Braving the Economic Slowdown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Braving the Economic Slowdown - Essay Example Threats to the company must be identified and the major challenges must be addressed in order to secure the future and continual operation of the company. The cash flows of the company must be properly monitored and strategies must be formulated in order to avoid long maturing investments as these are the ones which carry very large risks for failure. The top management and leadership of the company must be quick and decisive in order to allow the implementation of changes to be successful. This paper presents what strategies needs to be implemented for the year in order for the company to achieve better competency and survival while also maintaining and ensuring the future of the company Braving the Economic Slowdown: Analysis and Strategy Development Introduction In light with the global business crisis and the reduced economic activities, the company needs to tread carefully on the ventures and strategies for its operational aspects. Times like these call for more precise decision making and planning so as not to waste even more precious resources and advantages, lest the company fail like many others in this recession. But in order to have a better grasp of the situation, we must first delve into understanding the nature of such crisis in order to determine and identify the threats and major challenges that the company is and will be facing. Therefore, the background of the crisis and the global entities and sectors that are most vulnerable should also be recognized. Limiting factors and hindrances should also be put into

Disaster Recover Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Disaster Recover Plan - Assignment Example This is usually composed of representatives from all departments in the organization with specific expertise relating to the departments they represent. In case there is need to transport certain records or equipment to a different location, the transportation team will facilitate this process. For example, in case of a natural disaster such as a flood, key equipment and documents need to be moved to a secure location. This team may also help in the movement of staff and the team members when necessary, especially for large organizations. The logistical officer will be in charge of all the supplies used in the recovery process. In case of external support, the logistical officer should make arrangements to get the support and keep all records and agreements intact. This group of people will be responsible for ensuring that the safety of personnel and equipment is guaranteed. During a disaster, it is likely that the entire organization might be exposed to greater security and safety risks. The second step is to identify the key assets within the organization and the impact of each asset. This will help the disaster recovery team understand the value of each asset to the organization and the strategies to be used in protecting that asset. In addition, this step allows the organization understand the major threats against the business assets identified. Some of these threats include terrorism, hardware failure, cyber attacks and theft among others. The implementation of the recovery plan begins during the activation planning. This process is carried out by the recovery team or part of the team. This step helps in listing those systems that need to be restored, give the time estimates required for each system to be restored and give a clear communication plan between the recovery team members or groups. During this phase, all the staff members and recovery teams have been notified. The execution phase is

The Effect of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Essay Introduction: Alcohol is a drug with a depressant effect. Alcohol can negatively affect your brain, liver, central nervous system, and heart. The immediate effects of alcohol consumption are delayed reflexes and slurred speech. Since it is a depressant, alcohol slows down your brain. Consuming alcohol regularly can also lead to alcoholism. Alcoholism is a long-term chronic disease, it is when you a mentally or physically addicted to alcohol. Alcohol is a dangerous drug and should be consumed, if at all, under moderation. A teratogen is any agent that can damage a fetus and therefore cause a birth defect. Alcohol is one of the most dangerous teratogens. There is no proven safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Every time a pregnant woman has a drink, the alcohol enters her bloodstream. It crosses the placenta and enters the fetus through the umbilical cord. So every time a pregnant woman has a drink, her baby does too! The blood alcohol level of the fetus is therefore equal to or greater than the blood alcohol level of the mother. Though the mother can break down the alcohol, the fetus’ underdeveloped body cannot. Thus, it maintains the blood alcohol level for much longer. You can imagine that fetus’ have a very low tolerance for alcohol. Exposure to alcohol affects almost every part of a fetus’ body. The brain, face, ears, eyes, bones, kidney, and heart are all affected by alcohol. It causes blood vessels to constrict and disrupts the blood flow in the placenta. Oxygen and nourishment are thus prevented from entering the developing fetus. Cell deaths caused by alcohol cause different parts of the fetus to develop abnormally. The development of nerve cells is also affected by alcohol, which may impact the way the brain develops, and functions. The brain is the most vulnerable to alcohol exposure since it is developing throughout pregnancy. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a life long condition with effects such as mental retardation, growth deficiency, abnormal facial features, and central nervous system problems. It develops in babies whose mother drank excessive levels of alcohol during pregnancy. Since no level of alcohol consumption is considered safe during pregnancy, it is highly recommended not to drink at all. Surveys shows that approximately 130,000 women have admitted to consuming levels of alcohol where Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is possible. 40,000 women, unfortunately give birth to a baby with suffers from Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is the most serve of the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Babies with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome have central nervous system damage. Since of the prenatal alcohol exposure, the brain cells are either underdeveloped or malformed. It is the number one cause for mental retardation. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome not only causes cognitive disabilities, but also functional disabilities. Unfortunately, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is permanent and incurable. It not only affects the baby, but the family that must raise the baby. One of the symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is growth deficiency. Anyone with a growth deficiency is either underweight, under height, or both. Those who suffer from it fall below the tenth percentile of standardized growth charts. Severe growth deficiency is defined when height and weight are either less than or equal to the third percentile. Moderate growth deficiency is when the height or the weight is either less than or equal to the third percentile. While mild growth deficiency is when both weight and height are between the third and tenth percentile. â€Å" In classic cases, FAS children grow taller at about 60 percent of the normal rate through early childhood, while their weight increases at about 33 percent of the normal rate. Thus, they appear unusually slender or even malnourished despite an adequate diet. (Jon M Aase, MD 1998) † The children will remain smaller than ninety percent of other same aged normal children. Another symptom of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is abnormal facial features. The presence of abnormal facial feature indicates brain damage. Three facial features that are unique to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome are a smooth philtrum, thin vermilion, and small palpebral fissures. A smooth philtrum means the groove between the nose and upper lip is flatter than normal. The higher the prenatal alcohol exposure, the flatter the groove. Small palpebral fissure is smaller eye width than normal and thin vermilion is a thinner upper lip. The last symptom of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is central nervous system damage. There are thee areas to determine the magnitude of central nervous system damage. They are structural, neurological, and functional. Structural abnormalities can be seen such as small head size or abnormal brain structure. Structural abnormalities usually occur during the third trimester of pregnancy when alcohol affects the organization of brain cells. Neurological problems can also affect the peripheral nervous system, which consists of the somatic and autonomic nervous system. Some Neurological problems are seizure, impaired motor skills, clumsiness, and horrible hand- eye coordination. Functional problems are often referred to as development disabilities such as learning disabilities, etc. During the third trimester of pregnancy, the hippocampus can be damaged. The hippocampus is the major component of the brain in mammal and responsible for memory, emotion, decoding visual and auditory data, and learning. Damage of the hippocampus usually results in neurological and functional problems. The only way to prevent Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is to not drink during pregnancy. â€Å" A mother must be a heavy drinker throughout her pregnancy in order for her baby to be diagnosed with FAS. Drinking during the first trimester of pregnancy produces the facial abnormalities characteristic of FAS. Drinking during the second and third trimesters affects growth. Drinking during the third trimester results in dysfunction of the nervous system, mental retardation and learning/behavior deficiencies. ( Mesa 1997) † Breast-feeding while pregnant is also a big no-no. Breast milk retains small amounts of alcohol and while breast feeding it is passed onto the baby. Babies with mother’s who consumed small amounts of alcohol were shown to have trouble acquiring motor skills. Mother’s who consume large amounts of alcohol may altogether lose the ability to breast-feed. The ejection of milk from the breast will become difficult. It is recommended to wait two hours if you do have a drink before breast-feeding for the best health of the baby. There are many other birth defects a baby can suffer from other than Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Prenatal Alcohol Exposures may cause a heart murmur in a baby. A murmur is an unusual sound heard from the heart caused by leaking valve. Another condition is Strabismus. This is when the eyes are not properly aligned. Cleft lip is also another abnormality. â€Å" Prenatal exposure to alcohol can damage a fetus at any time, causing problems that persist throughout the individual’s life. There is no known safe level of alcohol use in pregnancy. (US Health Dept 2007) † So alcohol should be completely avoided during pregnancy. References http://casaa. unm. edu/fas/FAS-Clin. html http://www. mc. maricopa. edu/dept/d46/psy/dev/fall00/Substance/fas. html http://www. cdc. gov/ncbddd/fasd/alcohol-use. html http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/fetal-alcohol-syndrome/ds00184 http://www. marchofdimes. com/professionals/14332_1170. asp#head1 www. cdc. gov/ncbddd/fas/fasprev. htm.

Starbucks Leadership Styles

Starbucks Leadership Styles Introduction: Starbucks started in 1971 when three friends started coffee business, and their main objective was to sell coffee beans and equipment. Howard Schultz joined the company in 1982 and turned it into becoming an international brand. Schultz’s main goal and vision as CEO was to make people realize that buying a cup of coffee in Starbucks is lifetime experience. Under Schultz leadership Starbucks has achieved number of milestones. Schultz received an International Humanitarian Award in 1996 from Care for his vision and leadership developing in an innovative partnership between Starbucks and Care to support people in coffee originating countries. Schultz view of leadership: Howard Schultz’s statement â€Å"If they had faith in me and my motives they wouldn’t need a union† reflects his powerful communication skills as a leader. He knows how to build emotional connection with the staff. The heart of leadership is trust. Without trust you cannot lead. Exemplary leaders are devoted to building relationships based on mutual respect and caring. Watson (1983). The mark of a successful leader is his ability to forecast the business trends and stay ahead of his competitors (Luthans 1998). That means leadership involves skills and abilities that are useful whether one is in the executive position or frontline. However union signifies group of a workforce in certain businesses who form a link between an employer and unionized employees in which terms and condition of employment are determined. It also helps to improve the conditions at workplace and negotiate with employers on issues of wages, medical reimbursement or sickness. When employees and employers are not able to come to one decision then trade union negotiate with employer to reach to an agreement and the union members must follow that (Booth, 1995). In February 2007 Schultz says in one of letter to Starbucks employees â€Å"My focus is on you ‘the partners who have made Starbucks such a trusted presence around the world. And my focus is on preserving the trust that we have built with our customers and each other over the years. I want you to know that you can be proud of the company we all work for and that you can continue to trust the foundation it’s built upon† Schultz had trust in his employees as he had build up strong relationship with them in Starbucks by understand their desires. Schultz leadership has developed a good teamwork and integration of the individual and groups and goal. Schultzs leadership approach makes staff feel like partners. That is why frontline staff in the stores are so welcoming and passionate. He gave his employees protection, dignity, empowerment and a good working environment. That is why Schultz says that Starbucks doesn’t need a union because he is doing everything for the employees what usually a union does. Approaches to Leadership: There are many ways of looking at leadership and many interpretations of its meaning. Leadership might be based on function of personality or, it can be seen as a behavioura3 category (Vecchio, 2000) . It may also be viewed in terms of the role of the leaders and their ability to achieve effective performance from others. The relationship between leaders and management is that management is more usually viewed as getting work done though other people to achieve organizational objectives (Worsfold, 1989), where as leaders are more concerned with the attention to communicating with motivating, encouraging and involving people (Hunt, 1986). There are so many theories and models of leadership like Traits approach, the functional approach, Leadership as behavioral category, Style approach, Contingency models, and Transformational Leadership. Here I would like to discuss Transformational leadership with regard to leadership approach and style in Starbucks. In recent years increasing business competitiveness and the need for the most effective use of human resources are needed. The transformational leadership’s view focuses on idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individual consideration (Bass, 1985). According to Bass transformational leaders motivates followers to do more than what they are expected and the extent of transformation is measured in terms of leader’s effects on followers. It emphasizes on generating a vision for the organization, creating a feeling of justice, loyalty and trust. Idealized Influence: symbolizes the capability of building confidence in the leader and values the leader by his followers. As Starbucks is an employee-focused company, Schultz has taken a great care in recruiting partners and promotes the existing partners. Schultz made himself as example for the employees to follow him. Inspirational Motivation: is the behaviour of the leader, respect and admiration of followers. Leadership in Starbucks has ensured that high wages, benefits, stock plans and positive working environment are one of the reasons to maintain motivation among the staff. Intellectual Stimulation: leaders who solicit new and novel approaches for performance to work, creative problem solutions. Schultz invested in training and development of the employees. Starbucks appreciated feedback from the employees and they felt empowered and encouraged. Starbucks’ one of the most thriving innovations came from the employees â€Å"Frappuccino† a popular cold coffee. Individual Consideration: true leaders are those who listen to their followers and give special consideration to their needs and wants. Starbucks leadership provided parent group day care for their children, health insurance and work life balance. Leadership Styles: In order to get the best results from the employees, leaders need to encourage and be co-operative to the employees (Bonnington,1988) .According to Adair (2003) Leadership style is the way in which the functions of leadership are carried out . Three main classification of leadership style are autocratic style, democratic style and laissez-faire (genuine )style (Belbin,1993). Here I would like to discuss democratic style of leadership with regard to leadership style in Starbucks. In democratic style, the functions of leadership are shared with the members of the group. The group members have a greater say in decision making (Useem, 2001). Starbucks leadership team is among the best when it comes to global market. Schultz looked for employees who are team player and have passion to work for Starbucks. Schultz took care of employees and treated them with respect. He has created a unique culture in Starbucks in which entrepreneurship and empowerment, quality and service define values of leadership. Schultz gave more power to employees in decision making and also flexibility to choose their own working hours. He honoured the feedback from the employees in Starbucks therefore I can say that Schultz had democratic style of leadership in Starbucks Conclusion: I would summarize by saying that Starbucks is the most flourishing coffee shop in the world and with Schultz leadership and vision Starbucks still continue expand. Starbucks take great care in recruitment and selection and trains them intensively. Schultz believes that it is important for Starbucks respect all the employees and motives them. Starbucks enjoys the democratic style of leadership. References: Adair, J (2003). The Inspirational Leader : How to Motivate, Encourage and Achieve Success, Kogan Bass, B.M. (1985) , B.M. Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations, Free Press . Belbin, R.M (1993). Team Roles at Work, Butterworth Heinemann. Bonnington C, (1988) ‘Leading to the Top: The Successful Management of People’, Office and Information Management International, pp8-9. Booth, A.L (1995). The Economics of The Trade Union, Cambridge University Press. Druker, P.F (1998) .The Practice of Management, Heinemann Professional Fullan,M (2001). Leading in a Culture of Change, Jossey-Bass Hunt J W, Managing People at Work, Second edition, McGraw-Hill. Luthans.F. (1998) Organizational Behavior, Boston, MA. McGraw-Hill Useem, M. ‘How to Groom Leaders of the Future’ in Pickford, J.(ed) Financial Times Mastering Management, p.297 Vecchio, R. P. Organizational Behavior: Core Concepts, Fourth edition, Dryden Press. Watson C M, ‘ Leadership (1983), Management and the Seven Keys’, Business. Whitehead, M (2002). ‘ Everyone’s a Leader Now’, Supply Mnangement Worsfold, P. (1989). Leadership in the Hospitality Industry’ in Cassee E and Reuland (eds), International Journal of Hospitality Zaleznik, A (1977). Managers and leaders: Are they Different? Harvard Business Review Horizons. http://www.docstoc.com http://www.businessweek.com Q4. ‘Motivated and committed human resources were the key to successes. What strategies has Starbucks used in order to gain the motivation and commitment of its employees? With reference to appropriate theories and models, provide a reasoned discussion of how the company can ensure the levels of motivation and commitment that it needs to succeed in the future? Starbucks has more than 3,300 locations all over the world and serves coffee to its coffee lovers every day. It has the history of tremendous growth and success. In addition to the sales of coffee and coffee beans, the company enjoys the remarkable repute as a progressive employer. Starbucks is known for its friendly policies and motivational programs. The employees who are constantly in contact with the customers are the frontline staff. Hence Starbucks motivates, trains and rewards employees turning them into a committed and motivated workforce. The foundation of the company’s mission statement are five guiding principals and one of these principal is to provide great work and treat each other with respect and dignity. Strategies of motivation: According to the case study, motivated and committed human resources are the key to success in Starbucks. Howard Shultz believes that success of Starbucks is not coffee but employees and feels honoured about the value about the Starbucks employees. That is why it is essential to have intensive training policy for the better performance in the company (Michelli,2006). Starbucks offers an interactive structure that encourages employees to commit themselves into their job so they can motivate partners to satisfy themselves and also achieve a new level of performance. Starbucks use strategies to motivate employees and in order to gain the commitment. Starbuck’s motivational strategies programs for its employees are: Selecting the right people Investment in training and development Work life balance Employee ownership Feedback system Non capitalization job tittles Flexibility Mission review program Parameters of success in Starbucks: Due to Starbucks motivational strategies Starbucks continues to expand geographically. Starbucks has more than 15,000 stores all over the world (www.starbucks.com). Starbucks employees are highly trained and have good customer service skills. Starbucks is ranked as the 16th â€Å"Best company to work for† in America by Fortune magazine. Starbucks has low turnover of employees as their need were taken care of and they are motive and committed towards work. Starbucks has changed a concept of coffee into ‘Starbucks Experience’ It has resulted the customers to come back approximately 18 times a month. Theoretical Framework: There are several motivation theories that have helped organizations to figure out how employees can be motivated. Motivation is â€Å"the internal process that activates, guide and maintain behaviour† (Baron, 1991). Robertson and Smith (1985) agree that ‘motivation is psychological concept related to the strength and direction of human behaviour. According to research, motivations theories can offer guidance to anyone with an interest in motivational issues. These do not give a definite answer to all the motivation questions but it provides a framework. There are many variables such as moods, financial circumstances etc that work together to create a situation and a person concerned to fully understand why variables result in particular behaviours Gorman (2003). Vroom expectancy theory: The expectancy theory of Victor Vroom deals with motivation and management. Vroom’s theory is based on idea that employee effort will lead to performance and performance will lead to rewards. Rewards may be either positive or negative. Employees will be highly motivated if the reward is positive and negative rewards lead to less motivated employees (Vroom, 1964). According to research motivation develops commitment among employees. Developing a stronger commitment and the motivation allows you to be well recognizing in the market and gain market share. According to Starbucks case study Starbucks hire right people by having right people. Starbucks implement intensive training program for each employee before starting their job. Starbucks recognizes the efforts made by the employees in order to get high performance. To gain high performance rewards are offered by Starbucks to their employees in open forum such as Warm Regards, the Mug Award and the â€Å"Spirit of Starbucks Award†. Other benefits like training and development, flexible timings partner connection, equality etc are offered in order to motivate and gain commitment. Rewards develop motivation and Starbucks offers rewards and benefits to motivate their employees. Sustaining motivation and commitment: To sustain the level of motivation and commitment in future, Starbucks treats its employees well. Starbucks offers opportunity to all full and part time employees to receive stock option, healthcare benefits, sick pay and bean stock etc. Starbucks continues with building programmes that address to personal life and needs of its partner. Starbucks carries out regular surveys of its partners to measure their needs and take action with suitable work life solution. Starbucks transforms the behaviours and opinion of overall coffee consumer. Starbucks is not only of the fastest growing company but it is also an excellent business model with high profit performance and low turnover. According to the case study, it is obvious that motivation is the key factor of Starbucks’ strategy. A good relationship between Starbucks’ employees maintains a high quality performance. Starbucks have great responsibility towards their staff. Their decisions affects directly or indirectly on employees desire and interests and overall ability to love what they do for living. Employees would have many reasons to stay with Starbucks if the staff are motivated. To ensure the levels of motivation and commitment that Starbucks needs to succeed in the future, the company should introduce more benefits and training programs to motivate employees. Long term service recognition awards should be offered which would increase performance and commitment. Variations i n benefits to employees can give opportunity to Starbucks employees to stay motivated and committed such as giving them an opportunity to win a holiday if one has been employee of the month for 3 months. References: Baron R.A. (1991) ‘Motivation in work settings: reflections on the core of organizational research ‘. Motivation and Emotion. Vol.15, No.1.pp1-8 Gorman P. (2003). Motivation and Emotion, Rutledge, New York. Kanfer R. (1998) ‘Motivation’. In Nicholson N. (ed.) Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Organizational Behaviour. Oxford, Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Kanfer R. (1990) ‘Motivation theory and industrial and organizational psychology’. In Dunnette M.D. AND Hough L.M. (EDS) Handbook of Industrial and Organisational Psychology. Palo Alto, Ca, Consulting Psychologists. Michelli, J (2006) the Starbucks experience McGraw-Hill Smith, K.L (1990). The future of leaders in Extension. Journal of Extension. Vroom, V.H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York: Wiley. Weiner B. (1992) Human Motivation. Metaphors, theories and research. California, Sage Publications. http://brandautopsy.typepad.com

Gambling on the Internet Essay -- online casinos

Coming to Terms You roll the dice, you look at the cards, you pick a team then you pray. The whole idea is that you feel you have an edge over others, and that you are lucky. You think that you can beat the house, and in this new age of technology you can bring it all into the comfort of your home. This is how online gambling was created. In recent years online gambling has become more and more popular; a report released last year by a stock analyst said that online gambling revenues will nearly triple $3 billion by this year. To the many sports fan out there, how many times have you said, "Anyone could have predicted the outcome of that game." The truth is that gambling isn't easy. That is why it's called gambling, you are taking a calculated risk which you believe gives you a good chance of coming out on top. Often the people who decide that they want to start an online gambling account do not understand what they are getting into. There are two types of online gamblers. There are those who should be going to gamblers anonymous and those who think that online gambling is a quick fix to financial problems. To get started the user must give out an assortment of personal information including contact numbers and credit card numbers. For certain accounts they attract you with the promise free money. For example you may receive 10% free of your initial deposit. The entire idea of a deposit is to put a certain amount of money into an account and then you use this to gamble. After you have electronically signed away your credit cards and personal information you can start to have fun. Now you get to lose some money, maybe you will get lucky and break even. When sitting at a card table, in front of a slot machine or preparing ... ... million of dollars owed to investors. In the end you must realize that all forms of gambling incur a certain amount of chance. Work Cited Gilmour, Kim. â€Å"Viva Las Vegas.† Expanded Academic ASAP. March 2009. Internet Magazine. 31 May 2009 http://web5.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/431/916/34512188w5/purl=rc1_EAIM_0_A96304982&dyn=5!xrn_1_0_A96304982?sw_aep=viva_jmu Janower, Cynthia. â€Å"Gambling on the Internet†, Familiar Territory or Lawless Frontiers, September 1996. 28 May 2009 http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol2/issue2/janower.html#footnotes McDonald, Marci. â€Å"Betting the House.† Expanded Academic ASAP. 16 October 2000. U.S. News & World Report. 31 May 2009 http://web5.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/431/916/34512188w5/purl=rc1_EAIM_0_A65913404&dyn=3!xrn_3_0_A65913404?sw_aep=viva_jmu McGrath, James. Personal Interview. 2 April 2009

Tom Clancy Bio :: essays research papers

Clancy's next novel, Red Storm Rising, took on U.S./Soviet tension by providing a realistic modern war scenario arising from a conventional Soviet attack on NATO. Other bestsellers followed: Patriot Games dealt with terrorism; Cardinal of the Kremlin focused on spies, secrets and the strategic defense initiative; Clear and Present Danger asked what if there was a real war on drugs; The Sum of All Fears centered around post-Cold War attempts to rekindle U.S./Soviet animosity; Without Remorse took on the rising U.S. drug trade and Vietnam War era POW's; and Debt of Honor explored the hazards of American/Japanese economic competition, the vulnerability of America's financial system, and the dangers of military downsizing. In light of recent events, Debt of Honor demonstrated once and for all Clancy's cutting-edge prescience in predicting future events. The novel ends with a suicide attack against the U.S. Capitol Building by a terrorist flying a 747 out of Dulles airport. Clancy's uninterrupted string of bestsellers continued with Executive Orders, which combined the threat of biological and conventional terrorism with the instability of the Persian Gulf region; Rainbow Six, which explored the dual threats posed by former Soviet intelligence operatives willing to sell themselves to the highest bidder, and genetically engineering bio weapons; and, most recently, The Bear and The Dragon, which posited a limited war between China, the U.S. and Russia. Clancy's non-fiction works include Submarine, Armored Cav, Fighter Wing, Marine, and Airborne—a series of guided tours of America's warfighting assets. He has also written three books in an extraordinary nonfiction series that looks deep into the art of war through the eyes of America's outstanding military commanders. Into The Storm: A Study in Command, written with armor and infantry General Fred Franks Jr., and Every Man a Tiger, written with Air Force General Chuck Horner, won unanimous praise for their detailed exploration of traditional war-fighting from the ground and from the air.

Suffering From Advanced Dementia Health And Social Care Essay

Dementia is defined as a aggregation of symptoms that include decreased rational operation that interferes with normal life maps and there are presently over 600,000 persons populating with dementedness in the UK ( 2 ) . There are several types of dementedness and diagnosing is a complex procedure depending upon specific, chief symptoms, the order they present and how they progress over clip ( 3 ) ( Table 1 ) . As the disease progresses to the ulterior phases, it is known as advanced dementedness ( AD ) . Wandering is an inauspicious behavioral trait in about 60 % of dementedness sick persons ( 4,5 ) , with about 50 % of instances ensuing in persons going physically harmed, losing or deceasing ( 2,5,6 ) . Rolling is one of the primary concerns of dementedness sick persons, carers, medical professionals and their relations ( 7,8 ) and can set an AD person into an institutional scene prematurely ( 6 ) . AD sick persons wander for grounds they may happen difficult to explicate to others and it may be a pick, non merely a symptom of dementedness ( 8 ) ( Table 2 ) . Table 2 – Causes of Wandering in Individuals enduring from AD and the Reasons and Preventative Actions ( 9 )Some Potential Causes of RollingReasonsPreventive ActionsMedication ( for depression, wakefulness and anxiousness ) Side effects can do confusion, irregularity urinary piece of land infections and agitation. Regularly review medicine. Ensure lavatories are identifiable. Insomnia Confusion over clip of twenty-four hours. Worrying about something ( future or past ) Treatment for insomnia. Discuss any concerns with patient to set their head at easiness Use relaxation techniques. Pain Rolling may supply reprieve from hurting. Persons may be looking for hurting alleviation medicine. May be unable to pass on about their hurting. Regularly discuss and reexamine hurting direction with persons particularly when they have good cognitive ability. Pain may non be a seeable hurt. Hunger / Thirst Persons may roll looking for nutrient / H2O. Ensure persons on a regular basis eat and imbibe as AD persons frequently forget to eat and imbibe. Distress Persons may experience fed up and unmotivated and wander to happen stimulation. Persons may experience they have a undertaking to make. May experience stressed about being in a secure room and demand to ‘escape ‘ . Ensure persons are encouraged to interact with other persons and motivated when they are mentally able. Allow patients to hold boundaries for rolling. Allow persons to discourse their life before AD.Use of Electronic TaggingIn the early phases of the dementedness, persons have the ability to inquire for aid if they become lost when rolling but as the disease progresses and confusion additions, this is non the instance ( 5 ) . Electronic tagging ( ET ) is a signifier of surveillance and could be used with AD persons who are regarded as ‘at hazard ‘ when embarking out-of-doorss independently ( 9 ) . ET can be used in two ways: a wireless frequence signal which is used as portion of a tracker system to find the location of the ‘wanderer ‘ utilizing a manus held device or as an contraption which sets off a boundary dismay when a specified threshold is crossed ( 7 ) . The systems can be used in concurrence ( 10 ) . Tags can be discreet and wristbands are normally the labeling device of pick ( 7,10 ) , although senders which attach to apparels are available ( 11 ) . The usage of ET in dementedness has been an ongoing argument for many old ages ( 10 ) and can look to be a simple reversible argument: the wellbeing and protection of the dementedness sick person versus the violation of their human rights and privateness, but it is a more complex issue ( 7 ) .Key Ethical AspectsJusticeMany persons with AD want to keep an independent life style for a long as possible but this may non be executable without supervising and security. ET can let AD persons freedom with less limitations ( 7,10 ) , which can soothe carers and relations ( 7 ) . It can besides convey comfort to the single knowing that they can be easy located if they become astray ( 5 ) , nevertheless, AD persons must to the full understand that some electronic tickets are non easy removable, even if they becomes annoying and troublesome ( 12 ) . ET may dehumanize and degrade AD persons ( 8,10 ) and has the stigma of being compared to felons or animate beings ( 12 ) . AD persons could stop up being treated ‘as objects ‘ instead than people. Additionally, as the aging population additions and, hence persons diagnosed with dementedness, institutes and carers may neglect to present good attention ( 10 ) . This is because decreased staff: patient ratio in attention places and the demand for households to work, may take to ET being used as a replacement for attention alternatively of as a support tool ( 13 ) . Technology should ne'er be a replacing for human attention and compassion ( 9 ) . Ad sick persons are capable to personality alterations and a antecedently sort, caring individual can go violent and aggressive as the dementedness progresses. This must be remembered when an person is allowed to roll independently ( 4 ) as indefensible verbal or physical onslaughts may happen on members of the populace. More frequently than non, AD persons can acquire lost, sometimes in assorted phases of undress which is undignified. ET may assist forestall this ( 7 ) , nevertheless, baffled persons may non desire to return to their topographic point of abode and coercing them to make so can do them distraught ( 9 ) .AutonomyThe chief concerns environing the usage of ET are consent, privateness and freedom. The Human Rights Act 1998 states that â€Å" everyone has the right to esteem for his private and household life, his place and his correspondence † ( 14 ) every bit good as the â€Å" right to liberty and security † ( 15 ) . Families and carers tend to be centred on the safety of the person and non the violation of privateness ( 10 ) and some critics have stated that the concern over invasion of privateness is merely an issue if the person has something to conceal. This is non a good plenty ground to implement ET upon an unwilling participant but it should be noted that normally used engineering, such as CCTV, besides compromises privateness and is pattern in most establishments ( 7 ) . AD persons should non experience coerced into ET out of sense of responsibility to their carers and path for independency. ET should besides non be enforced merely because it may be a routinely used pattern in their attention place ( 12 ) . This is a future concern as ET may be used as a ‘treatment ‘ by medical professionals for persons in infirmaries under the Mental Health ( Care and Treatment ) ( Scotland ) Act 2003 ( 9 ) . This would get rid of the patients ‘ freedom of pick. While a individual enduring from dementedness still has rational capableness, they have the right to make up one's mind whether to take part in ET. This determination can be made in progress of losing rational capacity ( 4 ) . A instance survey in France by Faucounau et Al, 2009 demonstrated that AD persons who still have some cognitive ability favoured the usage of electronic tagging ( 16 ) . Consent for ET should ever be obtained prior to utilize, from the person or their power of lawyer ( 5 ) and must be reviewed at on a regular basis as people have the right to alter their head ( 12 ) . It must besides be remembered that cognitive ability can change daily and even though an AD person has antecedently had the capableness to make up one's mind to utilize ET ( 9 ) , there would be no point in leting person, who is holding an highly baffled twenty-four hours, to roll entirely. If they are deemed non to be in the right head frame, they should still be able to go forth their premises b ut with equal supervising from a care-giver. Options to ET include utilizing unafraid suites, picture surveillance, restraints and medicine ( 5,7 ) , which can hold inauspicious effects ( 2 ) ( Table 2 ) . Subjective barriers can besides be used in which the doors are concealed behind mirrors or drapes but this can take to psychosocial torment ( 7 ) . ET appears to be one of the least restrictive methods of keeping an AD patient. Engagement in ET can non lie with the AD patient entirely if they live with partners or other relations. The co-operation and age of the ET locater users must besides be considered. Family members may be aged and happen utilizing the locater hard without sufficient preparation and pattern. Locator devices require the usage of a nomadic phone/computer and internet entree and most participants are acute and willing to larn this new engineering ( 16 ) .WellbeingGeneral wellness and well-being can be improved with physical exercising and ‘wandering ‘ could be classed as a physical activity ( 9 ) . Leting AD patients to roll does hold hazards but deficiency of exercising can besides be damaging ( weakening of castanetss, hapless musculuss mass and impaired balance ) ( 17 ) . ET can ease independent physical activity and better quality of life ( 7 ) by leting longer independent life. Boundary systems would alarm carers to an single go forthing a designated country but would non halt them from making so or prevent injury. This is why it should be used in concurrence with a tracker system ( 9 ) . ET besides can non state you what the person is making when they wander ( 8 ) . Boundary dismaies may be utile in a infirmary environment when dementedness patients are admitted ( for a non-physical ground ) . There may non be equal staff Numberss in a ward or clip to adequately supervise rolling patients and boundary dismaies can halt patients go forthing their topographic point of safety. However in this scene, the patients self-respect may be affected as triping the dismaies could be mortifying and persons may experience like a load on staff ( 9 ) . Another job country lies in the industry and dependability of electronic tickets in built up countries ( 10 ) . Devicess are besides battery operated and are rendered useless if the batteries run out ( 12 ) . This shows that the usage of ET to protect from injury is null ( 10 ) .Policy / Practice / Regulatory FrameworksThere are no current Torahs or statute laws refering the specific usage of ET ( 5 ) , nevertheless, the Mental Health Act 1983 includes consent to intervention ( 18 ) . ET can be thought of as a signifier of intervention, assisting AD persons maintain independency and public assistance. Section 58 of the Mental Health Act states that â€Å" a patient shall non be given any signifier of intervention†¦ †¦ unless he has consented to that intervention † and subdivision 60 declares â€Å" where the consent of the patient to any intervention has been given†¦ †¦ .at any clip before the completion of the intervention retreat his consent † . This should protect the AD single whilst ET is regarded as an optional tool for dementedness but the likeliness is that it may go compulsory, particularly in hospital scenes, in which instance subdivision 63 ( intervention non necessitating consent ) of the Mental Health Act could use. This would let physicians to implement ET if it is thought to forestall impairment and better the dementedness symptoms ( 18 ) . As a consequence, specific statute laws and protocols need to be introduced ( 5 ) to protect all stakeholders.DecisionET appears to hold the right balance between safekeeping of an AD person and independent freedom ( 13 ) when used in the right scenes and helps ease the concern of rolling jobs for relations, carers and medical professionals. Early surveies have shown positive consequences and attitudes from participants ( 19,20 ) . Nevertheless, ET should non be an alternate to staff supervising in establishments ( 12 ) as a diminution in personal contact, supervising and attention can cut down quality of life ( 4,5 ) . In add-on, ET should non be a replacement for understanding the patients need to roll ( 7 ) . There have been several successful surveies including the ‘Safe Walking ‘ strategy in Edinburgh which used ET to supervise the motions of aged patients. Early studies from this survey stated that the participants ‘ households feel that it prevented their relations from traveling into attention and allowed them to populate independently for longer ( 19 ) . Additionally, a survey in Spain used ET to turn up lost Alzheimer sick persons. Alert signals were raised when the persons strayed outdoors defined boundaries and besides activated by the constabulary control Centre if the person became lost ( 20 ) . Due to the success of the survey, ET is now used routinely across Spain for Alzheimer ‘s patients ( 9 ) . Future considerations should include the cost deductions of ET. Who should pay for ET – NHS or in private funded? Can the authorities warrant the cost deductions of buying ET systems for each person with AD who wants to stay living independently at place? Is the cost of ET cheaper than the cost of infirmary admittances due to harm obtained due to rolling? Are options cheaper such as tranquilising medicines to forestall roving? Could the cost of ET increase the cost of an person in a attention place? All these inquiries need to be answered before ET can be to the full implemented into society.